Diuretics Flashcards
What are the 2 main groups of diuretics?
Loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics
Mechanism of action for loop diuretics?
Loop diuretics work by inhibiting the sodium-potassium-chloride (Na-K-Cl) symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney, preventing reabsorption of these ions and increasing urine production.
What are the main uses for loop diuretics?
Treatment of edema (fluid retention) associated with conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease.
Management of hypertension (high blood pressure), especially in patients with impaired kidney function.
Examples of loop diuretics?
Furosemide (Lasix), Bumetanide (Bumex)
Mechanism of action for thiazide diuretics?
Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting the sodium-chloride (Na-Cl) symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water.
Uses for thiazide diuretics?
Treatment of hypertension, particularly as first-line therapy for patients without significant kidney impairment.
Management of mild to moderate edema associated with conditions such as heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or kidney dysfunction.
Examples of thiazide diuretics?
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), Bendroflumethiazide
Difference between sites of action for thiazide and loop diuretics?
Loop diuretics act on the loop of Henle.
Thiazide diuretics act on the distal convoluted tubule.
Difference between potency of thiazide and loop diuretics?
Loop diuretics are generally more potent than thiazide diuretics.
Difference in effectiveness in thiazide and loop diuretics?
Loop diuretics are more effective in patients with reduced kidney function
Thiazide diuretics may be preferred in patients with normal kidney function.
Difference in indications between thiazide and loop diuretics?
Loop diuretics are often used for more severe oedema or in patients with kidney impairment.
Thiazide diuretics are typically used for milder forms of oedema and hypertension.
What should be monitored during diuretic therapy?
Both types of diuretics can cause electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia (low potassium) and hyponatremia (low sodium).
Monitoring of electrolyte levels is important during treatment with either medication.
Example of potassium-sparing diuretic?
Spironolactone
