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AP Biology / Honors Biology > Photosynthesis - Sheet1 > Flashcards

Photosynthesis - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis in words?

A

water+carbon dioxide+light=oxygen and sugar

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2
Q

What is the primary pigment found in cells that capture the sun’s energy?

A

chlorophyll

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3
Q

What reaction occurs in thylakoids?

A

light-dependent

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4
Q

Where does the calvin cycle occur?

A

stroma

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5
Q

What two type of energies does the calvin cycle use?

A

ATP and NADPH

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6
Q

What does the calvin cycle do?

A

converts carbon dioxide into sugars

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7
Q

what molecule does light-dependent reactions split and what does it produce?

A

water and oxygen

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8
Q

What does light-dependent reactions convert?

A

ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH

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9
Q

What three factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

intensity of light, amount of water, temperature

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10
Q

carbon fixation

A

converting carbon dioxide into sugars

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11
Q

redox reaction

A

requires energy

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12
Q

what type of reaction is carbon fixation?

A

redox reaction

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13
Q

what happens in light reactions

A

one molecule of chlorophyll absorbs one photon and loses one electron

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14
Q

light-dependent reactions

A

occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts and use light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH

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15
Q

How are the cyclic cylce and non-cylic cycle different?

A

Cyclic generates only ATP, and no reduced NADP (NADPH) is created. Only in photo 1.

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16
Q

cyclic cycle

A

returns back to photosystem one. Cycle.

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17
Q

Non-cyclic cycle

A

the photons are captured in the light-harvesting antenna complexes of photosystem II by chlorophyll and other accessory pigments.

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18
Q

photoinduced charge separation

A

an electron is transferred to the primary electron-acceptor molecule, pheophytin. Non-cyclic.

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19
Q

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with ____

A

ATP and NADPH

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20
Q

What is the correct sequnece of the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

A

H20-NADPH-Calvin cycle

21
Q

Cooperation of the two photosystems of the chloroplast is required for

A

reduction of NADP+

22
Q

In “mechanism” photophosphorylation is most similar to ___

A

oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration

23
Q

In what respects are the photosynthetic adaptations of the C4 plants and the CAM plants similar?

A

both make most of their sugar in the dark

24
Q

which process is most directly driven by light energy?

A

removal of electrons from membrane-bound chlorophyll molecules

25
Q

Chloroplast is to ____ as mitochondria is to cellular respiration

A

photosynthesis

26
Q

What color of light is least effective in driving photosynthesis?

A

green

27
Q

How would you expect the relative abundance of C3 versus C4 and CAM species to chnage in a geographic region whose climate becomes much hotter and drier?

A

C4 and CAM would replace many of the C3 species

28
Q

How does the ETC help produce ATP?

A

As the electrons fall down the chain to a lower energy level they produce ATP since the fall is exergonic.

29
Q

photosystems

A

how chlorophyll, proteins, and small organic molecules are organized

30
Q

reaction center

A

where the first light-driven chemical reaction of photosynthesis occurs

31
Q

mesophyll

A

where chloroplasts are mainly found in cells

32
Q

stomata

A

pores that allow oxygen to exit and carbon dioxide to enter

33
Q

Where do plants get their oxygen?

A

water

34
Q

photophosphorylation

A

adding a phosophate group to ADP to create ATP

35
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

the entire range of radiation

36
Q

visible light

A

wavelength 380-750nm

37
Q

photons

A

particles of light

38
Q

absorption spectrum

A

pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength

39
Q

carotenoids

A

accessory pigments

40
Q

chlorophyll b

A

yellow-green

41
Q

chlorophyll a

A

blue-green

42
Q

rubisco

A

enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle

43
Q

C3 plants

A

rice, wheat, and soybenas. Produce less food during droughts.

44
Q

photorespiration

A

When mitochondria nd peroxisomes break the two-carbon molecule down to CO2.

45
Q

Bundle-sheath cells

A

tightly packed sheaths around the veins of the leaf

46
Q

mesophyll cells

A

between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface

47
Q

PEP carboxylase

A

adds CO2 to PEP

48
Q

CAM

A

crassulacean acid metabolism

AP Biology / Honors Biology (7 decks)

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