Specific populations Flashcards
Diabetes
characterized by hyperglycemia
level of blood glucose too high
major health problem = leading cause of death
Diabetes figure
> 4.8 million people in UK
~1 in 14 people
Type 1
defect in insulin secretion
Type 2
defect in insulin action
Effect exercise type 1
regular exercise benefits
increased plasma insulin conc
increased liver glucose release
increase glucose uptake by muscle
Warning signs/symptoms type 1
frequent urination/unusual thirst
extreme hunger
rapid weight loss/weakness/fatigue
irritability/nausea/vomiting
Too little insulin
hyperglycemia and ketosis –> diabetic coma
Too much insulin
hypoglycemia –> insulin shock
regular exercise schedule lowers odds
Exercise prescription type 1
40-60% HRR, 30min+, 3+ days/week = clear
medical clearance prior = >60% HRR
carry identification
exercise with someone
Problems associated with diabetes
high blood glucose
autonomic neuropathy = abnormal HR and BP
peripheral neuropathy = pain, impaired balance, weakness, decreased proprioception
retinopathy and nephropathy = BP abnormalities
Diagnose type 2
oral glucose tolerance test
75g sugary drink consumed rapidly
blood glucose and insulin responses tracked for several hours
= glucose tolerance worsens overtime
Treat type 2
exercise
= treat obesity/decrease body fat
control blood glucose = reduce insulin resistance
treat CVD risk factors (high BP and lipid profile, inflammation)
diet + exercise = eliminate drug treatment (weight loss 5-10%)
Aerobic training type 1
3-7 days/week
50-80% HRR or RPE 12-16
20-60min/session (150min moderate or 75min vigorous exercise/week)
non-weight bearing/low impact activities
Aerobic type 2
4-7 days/week
50-80% HRR or RPE 12-16
10 min bout start increase benefits with longer duration (>150min moderate or >75min vigorous exercise/week)
brisk walking/zumba/circuit training
Resistance training type 1 and 2
2-3 days/week
60-80% 1-RM or RPE 12-16
1-3 sets of 8-12 reps
major muscle groups
