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Physiology of Domestic Animals II > Intro to Immunology Lecture > Flashcards

Intro to Immunology Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

The immune response system is primarily made up of

A

several types of mobile cells that arrange themselves into organs and tissues

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2
Q

Cells of immune system interact with each other through

A

direct contact
chemical messengers and receptors

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3
Q

Basic components of the immune system

A

innate
adaptive/acquired

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4
Q

Innate

A

ancient system present in most eukaryotic life forms
pre-infection
exhibits broad specification
early response to infection
rapid response

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5
Q

Adaptive/Acquired

A

exists only in vertebrates
matures on exposure to antigen
is remembered
slow response

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6
Q

Types of cells in adaptive/acquired system

A

B cell
T cell

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7
Q

Where do the cells of the immune system come from

A

hematopoiesis in the bone marrow

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8
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

production of blood cells
- myeloid
- lymphoid

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9
Q

Maturation of lymphocytes occurs in

A

Central Lymphoid organs

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10
Q

B cells mature where

A

bone marrow of mammals

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11
Q

T cells mature where

A

thymus

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12
Q

Hematopoiesis occurs most in what part of the body

A

pelvis and vertebral

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13
Q

Blood cells all come from

A

blood stem cells

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14
Q

Maturation starts in the _____ and continues as cells move towards the _____

A

outer cortex
medulla

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15
Q

what percentage of thymocytes make it out alive

A

5%

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16
Q

Thymocyte development

A

T cell precursor in subcapsular sinus of outer cortex
move through cortex, lots of selection/proliferation/apoptotic death
only a few go to medulla and out

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17
Q

during thymocyte development they acquire

A

diverse specificity and other surface receptors/markers

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18
Q

The thymus does what with age

A

shrinks

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19
Q

Classes of lymphocytes

A

B
helper T
Cytotoxic T
natural killer cells
natural killer T cells
gamma delta T cells

20
Q

Job of b lymphocytes

A

neutralize microbes, phagocytosis, complement activation

21
Q

Job of helper T lymphocytes

A

activation of macrophages
inflammation
activation of T and B lymphocytes

22
Q

Job of cytotoxic T lymphocytes

A

killing of infected cell

23
Q

Job of regulatory T lymphocyte

A

suppression of immune response

24
Q

Job of natural killer cell

A

killing of infected cell

25
Q

Where do the immune responses happen

A

lymph nodes
spleen
cutaneous immune system (skin)
mucosal immune system

26
Q

Job of lymphatic system

A

enhancement and facilitation of the immune system

27
Q

Job of the lymph node

A

filtering substances that travel through the lymphatic system

28
Q

What is the major site of immune responses to blood-borne antigens and infections

A

spleen

29
Q

Where is the spleen located

A

behind the liver, over the kidney, has a single artery, arterioles, vascular sinusoids, venules and a single vein to portal vasculature (liver)

30
Q

What organ is both hematopoietic and lymphoid

A

spleen

31
Q

Red pulp

A

location in spleen
destruction of old red blood cells

32
Q

White pulp

A

location in spleen-lymphoid and immune response

33
Q

T cell areas in white pulp

A

periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths

34
Q

B cell areas in white pulp

A

lymphoid follicles (germinal centers)

35
Q

Peyer’s patch is located

A

in the lamina propria

36
Q

Innate immune cells

A

dendritic cells
circulating monocytes
macrophages

37
Q

Langerhans cells

A

first guard of skin immune system

38
Q

What goes on during an adaptive immune response

A

recognition
activation and proliferation
differentiation
effector functions and memory
homeostasis

39
Q

Passive immunity

A

transfer of immune responses to a naive animal

40
Q

Through passive immunity you can transfer

A

antibodies or lymphocytes

41
Q

How do adaptive immunity and innate immunity interact

A

innate begins process of adaptive
adaptive can augment abilities of innate
innate can extend functions of adaptive

42
Q

Innate immunity enhances

A

effector functions of adaptive immunity

43
Q

Stimulation of an effective immune response usually requires

A

more than just a signal provided by the antigen
may be soluble product or surface ligand

44
Q

Go signal of antigens and the clonal selection theory

A

selection process outside the central lymphoid organs

45
Q

Clonal selection

A

antigen does not change specificity, it selects it

46
Q

Ready to be selected and activated antigen specific T lymphocytes do what

A

make themselves available by circulating
activation alters whether they stay or go and where they settle

Physiology of Domestic Animals II (10 decks)

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