4 - UNIT REVIEW EXERCISES Flashcards
A material that produces a mutation is known as a mutagen; if the mutation occurs in a
germ cell, then the effect
a. is passed on to the next generation.
b. is not passed on to the next generation.
c. to the exposed individual results in cancer.
d. to the exposed individual results in dermatitis.
is passed on to the next generation
What term describes the probability a substance will cause harm under specific conditions
during use?
a. Threshold.
b. Half-life.
c. Target.
d. Risk.
risk
The dose-response relationship illustrates the correlation between the
a. tolerance and sensitivity.
b. exposure route and response.
c. rate of entry and individual differences.
d. amount of exposure and the resulting effect.
amount of exposure and the resulting effect.
The amount of a chemical dose delivered to an organ is critical in defining its
a. toxicity.
b. resistance.
c. sensitivity.
d. exposure route.
toxicity
Inhaling high levels of carbon monoxide in a short period of time would be classified as
a. a chronic exposure.
b. an acute exposure.
c. a chronic effect.
d. an acute effect.
an acute exposure.
If an organism displays more adverse effects to the same dosage of a chemical over time,
then the organism has become
a. sensitized.
b. resistant.
c. tolerant.
d. chronic.
sensitized
Toxicity testing on a uniform group of rats results in 40 percent deaths when they receive a
10 milligrams of substance per kilogram (mg/kg) oral dose of a substance. The 10 mg/kg is called
the
a. LC40.
b. LD40.
c. LC10.
d. LD10.
LD40
If you are assessing a shop where workers are exposed to potentially hazardous vapors, then
which hazard would you be most concerned with identifying?
a. Absorption.
b. Inhalation.
c. Ingestion.
d. Injection.
Inhalation
If you are assessing a shop were your main concern is the entry of chemicals through the
skin, which hazard are you mainly concerned with identifying?
a. Absorption.
b. Inhalation.
c. Ingestion.
d. Injection.
Absorption
Toxic substances that are ingested are generally less harmful than when exposure occurs through other routes due to the
a. alkaline medium of pancreatic juices in the small intestines.
b. selective mode of the intestines that limits absorption.
c. long length of the gastrointestinal tract.
d. low acidity in the stomach.
alkaline medium of pancreatic juices in the small intestines
How does the action of a primary irritant differ from that of a secondary irritant?
a. Primary irritants exert little or no system toxic action.
b. Secondary irritants exert little or no system toxic action.
c. Primary irritants dilute the normal amount of oxygen in air.
d. Secondary irritants dilute the normal amount of oxygen in air.
Primary irritants exert little or no system toxic action
Which statement best describes the effects of a chemical asphyxiant on the body?
a. Inflammation of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.
b. Destruction of tissue due to contact with material.
c. Reduction of the body’s capacity to use oxygen.
d. Depression of the central nervous system.
Reduction of the body’s capacity to use oxygen
Which example best describes a chemical that would be classified as a central nervous
system depressant?
a. Uranium.
b. Hydrogen.
c. Acetylene.
d. Ethyl ether.
Ethyl ether
Which example best describes a material capable of producing lung tissue damage?
a. Hydrogen cyanide.
b. Carbon disulfide.
c. Asbestos.
d. Mercury.
Asbestos
A chemical with a boiling point near or below 25 degrees Celsius (°C) can be considered a
a. gas.
b. fog.
c. mist.
d. vapor.
gas
