4a- Self-test questions Flashcards
Describe the basic structure of the cardiovascular system.
It consists of the heart and a closed system of vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Transports disease fighting substances to the tissue
and waste to the kidneys.
Blood.
Transports blood away from the heart.
Arteries.
Transports blood toward the heart.
Arterioles.
Regulate blood flow into the tissue capillaries.
Veins
Primary function is the exchange of materials
between the blood and tissue cells.
Capillaries.
Channels through which blood is distributed to
body tissues.
Blood vessels.
Cite the three primary functions of the lymphatic system.
(1) Return excess interstitial fluid to the blood.
(2) Absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system and the subsequent transport of
these substances to the venous circulation.
(3) Defense against invading microorganisms and disease.
Describe the response of the lymphatic system when the body is exposed to microorganisms or
other foreign substances.
Lymph nodes and other lymphatic organs filter the lymph to remove microorganisms and other foreign
particles. Lymphatic organs contain lymphocytes that destroy invading organisms.
Describe the relationship between the circulatory system and the respiratory system.
The body cells need a continuous supply of oxygen for the metabolic processes that are necessary to
maintain life—the respiratory system and circulatory system work together to provide this oxygen and to
remove the waste products of metabolism. It also helps to regulate the pH of the blood.
Describe the act of breathing.
Breathing (pulmonary ventilation) is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inhalation and out of
the lungs during exhalation.
Describe the basic structure of the digestive system.
It consists of a long continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus; this includes the mouth,
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
Cite the main purpose of the digestive system.
Break down proteins, fats, and starches, which cannot be absorbed intact into amino acids, fatty acids, and
glucose that can be absorbed across the wall of the tube and into the circulatory system for dissemination
throughout the body.
Cite the primary function of the urinary system.
Maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits.
Describe the role of the kidneys within the urinary system.
The kidneys are the primary organs of the urinary system and filter the blood, remove the wastes, and
excrete the wastes in the urine.
