3- Self-Test questions

Question 1

What basic form of matter cannot be compressed but will take the shape of its container?

Answer 1

Liquid.

Question 2

What basic form of matter can take the shape of a container smaller than its original volume?

Answer 2

Gas.

Question 3

Define homogeneous matter.

Answer 3

Homogeneous matter is uniform in composition and properties.

Question 4

Define heterogeneous matter.

Answer 4

Heterogeneous matter is not uniform in composition and properties.

Question 5

How do pure substances differ from homogeneous mixtures?

Answer 5

Pure substances differ from homogeneous mixtures and solutions in that they have distinct and constant
compositions.

Further, they are divided into two groups: elements and compounds.

Conversely, mixtures and solutions consist of two or more pure substances in variable proportions.

Question 6

What does the atomic number of an atom represent?

Answer 6

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 7

What does the mass number of an atom represent?

Answer 7

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 8

What is the name of the vertical columns within the periodic table that hold elements with the
same number of valence electrons in their outer shell?

Answer 8

Groups.

Question 9

Where are the noble gases located within the periodic table?

Answer 9

Far-right column.

Question 10

What is the main value of the periodic table?

Answer 10

Its ability to predict the chemical properties of an element based on its location within the table.

Question 11

Define inert.

Answer 11

An atom that is filled with electrons and cannot combine with another atom.

Question 12

Define compound.

Answer 12

A compound is composed of any two elements that combine chemically.

Question 13

Cite the two general types of bonds that occur between atoms in a compound.

Answer 13

Ionic bonds and covalent bonds.

Question 14

Define cation.

Answer 14

A cation is a positively charged ion, meaning that the atom has more protons than electrons.

Question 15

Define anion.

Answer 15

An anion is a negatively charged ion, meaning that the atom has more electrons than protons.

Question 16

What represents the chemical bonds between two atoms in a structural formula?

Answer 16

Short lines.

Question 17

Halogens derivatives (halogenated hydrocarbons) are?

Answer 17

Formed by combining the parent hydrocarbon with a halogen.

Question 18

Aromatic hydrocarbons.

Answer 18

Their carbon atoms are arranged in a closed chain, or ring formation.

Question 19

Ethers.

Answer 19

Prepared from alcohols and are relatively inert compared to alcohols.

Question 20

Petroleum distillates can be identified by

Answer 20

their boiling ranges.

Question 21

Phenols.

Answer 21

Derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons and are structurally similar to alcohols.

Question 22

Aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Answer 22

Their carbon atoms are arranged in open chains.

Question 23

The maximum possible amount of solute is dissolved at some specified temperature.

Answer 23

Saturated solution.

Question 24

Measure of how much solute is contained in a given amount of solvent or solution.

Answer 24

Concentration.

Question 25

Solvent does not contain all of the solute it is capable of dissolving.

Answer 25

Unsaturated solution.

Question 26

Number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Answer 26

Molality.

Question 27

More solute is dissolved than would ordinarily be possible at a specified temperature.

Answer 27

Supersaturated solution.

Question 28

Used as reference to calculate the concentration of other solutions.

Answer 28

Standard solution.

Question 29

Number of moles of a substance that will combine with another substance.

Answer 29

Equivalents.

Question 30

For a mixture of 10 percent sodium hydroxide and 90 percent water, which is the solute and
which is the solvent?

Answer 30

Sodium hydroxide is the solute and water is the solvent.

Question 31

If you have 20 grams of sodium chloride dissolved in 65 grams of water, what is the mass of
solution?

Answer 31

85 grams.

20 grams + 65 grams = 85 grams (mass of solution).

Question 32

How much water (in grams) must be added to 12 grams of sodium hydroxide to prepare a 4
percent aqueous sodium hydroxide solution?

Answer 32

288 grams of water needed for 12 grams of sodium hydroxide.

Question 33

How many grams per liter are needed for a 5 molar solution of a compound with a molecular
weight of 56?

Answer 33

280 grams.
Where: 56 grams ×5 M = 280 grams per liter.

Question 34

Is a solution with more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions more acidic or basic?

Answer 34

Acidic.

Question 35

Identify the following substances as “A” for acids or “B” for bases.
_______a. Vinegar
_______b. Ammonia
_______c. Lye
_______d. Tomato juice
_______e. Ocean water
_______f. Coffee

Answer 35

a. Acid.
b. Base.
c. Base.
d. Acid.
e. Base.
f. Acid.

Question 36

When is a solution considered neutral?

Answer 36

A solution is neutral when the hydrogen ion concentration and the hydroxide concentration are equal (pH of 7).

Question 37

Define buffer solution.

Answer 37

A buffer solution is a solution that contains substantial amounts of both a weak acid and its conjugate base
so that it resists change in its pH.