Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCM 103 > REST AND SLEEP > Flashcards

REST AND SLEEP Flashcards

1
Q

these nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the rhythm of the sleep wake cycle and coordinate this cycle with other circadian rhythms

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

__ influence the pattern of major biological and behavioral functions, the predictable changing of
body temperature, heart rate, blood
pressure, hormone secretion, sensory
equity and mood depend on the
maintenance of the 24-hour circadian
cycle

A

circadian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

major sleep center in the body ; it secretes hypocretins or orexins that promotes wakefulness and
rapid eye movement sleep then
prostaglandin d2 and the l-tryptophan
and the growth factors control sleep

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

located in the upper brainstem contains special cells that maintain alertness and wakefulness

A

reticular activating system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

activity from the cerebral cortex such as emotions stimulate the __

A

RAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Arousal, wakefulness, and maintenance of consciousness results from the neurons in the RAS releasing catecholamines such as

A

norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

primarily regulates the length and the depth of sleep and the circadian rhythms

A

homeostatic process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Time of wake up is defined by the
intersection of process _ and the process _

A

S and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

this process rises during waking and declines during sleep

A

process S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The intersection of process S and
process C defines the time of __

A

wake up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is associated with changes in the
peripheral nervous endocrine
cardiovascular respiratory and the
muscular systems s

A

sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

this instrument measures electrical activity in the cerebral cortex

A

electroencephalogram or EEG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

this instrument measures muscle tone

A

electromyogram or EMG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

this instrument measures eye movements provide information about some structural physiological aspects of sleep

A

electrooculogram or EOG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the sleep cycle lasts how many minutes

A

90-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the pre-sleep period where the person is aware only of a gradually developing sleepiness lasts how many minutes

A

10-30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pre-sleep period lasts how many minutes if a person is having difficulties falling asleep

A

one hour or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A person usually reaches REM sleep about __ minutes into the sleep cycle

A

90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sleep becomes more fragmented with __

A

aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

contributes to body tissue
restoration so during sleep the heart rate falls to 60 beats per minute or less which benefits card job function

A

NREM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is necessary for brain tissue
restoration and appears to be important for cognitive restoration and memory

A

REM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A loss of REM sleep leads to feelings of __ and __

A

confusion and suspicion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Occur in NREM and REM sleep ; important for learning, memory, and
adaptation to stress

A

dreams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

can cause pain, physical
discomfort, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances

A

physical illness

25
Q

sleep related breathing disorders are linked to increased incidence of nocturnal angina or chest pain, increased heart rate electrocardiogram changes, high
blood pressure, and risk of heart
diseases and stroke

A

hypertension

26
Q

such as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or the
(COPD), emphysema, asthma, allergies
or the common cold often interferes
with sleep

A

respiratory disorders

27
Q

disrupts the sleep cycle

A

nocturia

28
Q

Can occur before sleep onset ; symptoms include recurrent,
rhythmical movements of the feet and
legs patients feel an itching sensation
deep in the muscles

A

restless leg syndrome (RLS)

29
Q

is a symptom patient’s experience when they chronically have difficulty falling asleep

A

insomnia

30
Q

caused by a medical condition ; lack of air flow through the nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer during sleep

A

sleep apnea

31
Q

what is the most common type of sleep apnea

A

obstructive apnea

32
Q

what are the two risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea

A

obesity and hypertension

33
Q

the upper airway becomes partially or completely blocked diminishing nasal airflow causing __ or stopping it which means apnea already for as long as 30 seconds

A

hypopnea

34
Q

the most common complaint of OSA

A

excessive daytime sleepiness

35
Q

type of apnea that involves dysfunction in the respiratory
control center of the brain ; common in patients with brain stem injury, the muscle dystrophy and the encephalitis ; they tend to awaken during sleep

A

central sleep apnea

36
Q

a dysfunction of mechanisms
that regulate the sleep and waking states ; cataplexy, sleep paralysis ; During the day, a person suddenly feels an overwhelming wave of sleepiness and falls asleep so REM sleep occurs within 15 minutes of falling asleep

A

narcolepsy

37
Q

Patients experience as a result of
dyssomnias causes include fever, difficulty breathing, pain, emotional stress, medications, and disturbances in the health ; emotional stress, medications, environmental ; prone to healthcare providers

A

sleep deprivation

38
Q

more common in children ; Somnambulism (sleepwalking), Night
terrors, Nightmares, Nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting), Body rocking, Bruxism ; more serious when adults have this

A

parasomnias

39
Q

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of neonates

A

16 hrs a day

40
Q

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of infants

A

8-10 hrs at night ; 15 hrs per day

41
Q

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of toddlers and preschoolers

A

12 hours a day

42
Q

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of school age

A

9-10 hrs a day

43
Q

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of adolescents

A

7 and a half hours

44
Q

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of young adults

A

6-8 and a half hours

45
Q

in adolescents, shortened sleep time often result in __ which frequently leads to reduced performance in school, vulnerability to accidents, behavior and mood problems and increased use of alcohol

A

excessive daytime sleepiness

46
Q

__increases the need for sleep and rest

A

pregnancy

47
Q

causes a person to be
tense and often leads to frustration when sleeps does not occur, stress also causes a person to try too hard to fall asleep to awaken frequently during the sleep cycle or to oversleep so continued stress causes poor sleep habits

A

emotional stress

48
Q

Description of sleeping problems, usual sleep pattern, current life events, physical and psychological illness, emotional and mental status, bedtime routines, bedtime environment, behaviors of sleep deprivation

A

sleep history

49
Q

what are two subjective measures of sleep

A

epworth sleepiness scale
pittsburgh sleep quality index

50
Q

A full meal before bedtime often calls
__ and interferes with ability to fall asleep

A

castor intestinal upset

51
Q

is a neuro hormone produced
in the brain that helps control circadian rhythms and promotes sleep so it is a popular nutritional supplement that is found to be helpful in improving sleep efficiency and decreasing nighttime awakenings

A

melatonin

52
Q

what is the recommended dose for melatonin

A

0.3-1mg 2 hours before bedtime

53
Q

is effective in mild insomnia and RLS it of it affects the release of neurotransmitters and produces very mild sedation.

A

valerian

54
Q

it helps promote sleeping patterns with anxiety ; should be used cautiously because it is potentially toxic on the liver

A

kava

55
Q

a herbal tea has a mild
sedative effect that may be beneficial in promoting sleep

A

chamomile

56
Q

medications that induce sleep are called

A

hypnotics

57
Q

medications that produce a calming or soothing effect

A

sedatives

58
Q

they are common classifications of drugs that are used treat sleep problems

A

benzodiazepines

NCM 103 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions