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Biomedicine Specialised Core Subjects > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypophisis

A

Pirtuary gland

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the endocrine system

A

slow communication system

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3
Q

What are the types of hormone release

A

Acute (short term), chronic (long term) and episodic (menstruation)

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4
Q

Where is the hypothalamus

A

anterior and inferior o the thalamus

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5
Q

What way does the pituary gland communicate from and to

A

communicates to two glands (anterior and posterior pirtuary glands)

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6
Q

what are the science names of the pirtuary glands

A

anteriohypohisis and neurohypophisis

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7
Q

What is the fat part of the pirtuary gland

A

anterior

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8
Q

What is the communication betwenn the hypothalamus and pirtuary gland

A

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

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9
Q

What are the anterior pirtuary gland hormones

A

growth hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone

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10
Q

what are the lutenizing hormone

A

reproductive hormone

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11
Q

What is prolactin

A

lactation hormones

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12
Q

What are the hormones for back pirtuary

A

anti diuretic hormone, increased water reabsorbtion, and oxytosin

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13
Q

what is the pineal gland

A

Synthesises melatonin and serotonin, sleep cycle

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14
Q

What happens with the pineal gland in your 30’s

A

it calcifies

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15
Q

What are the regions of the thyroid

A

left and right lobe and isthmus

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16
Q

What do the thyroid follicles look like

A

follicular cell ring and colloid filled

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17
Q

What are the follicular cell rings shaped

A

simple cuboidal

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18
Q

what does the thyroid regulate

A

metabolism

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19
Q

What stimulates the release of t3 and t4

A

iodine

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20
Q

What is calcitonin

A

regulates calcium

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21
Q

What does calcitonin do when released

A

Stops calsium

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22
Q

What is the parathyroid hormone and the parathyroid glands

A

parathyroid glands are near the thyroid and produce parathyroid hormones which increases calcium

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23
Q

What is the adrenal gland

A

It is above the kidney and produces hormone

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24
Q

What is the cortex in the adrenal gland

A

salt sugar and sex

25
Q

What is the medulla produce

A

stress hormones

26
Q

What s the endocrine function of the pancrease

A

produce insulin glucagon and somatostatin

27
Q

What i produced in the balls (testes)

A

stimulate testosterone and spermatogenesis

28
Q

what are ovaries for

A

stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone which produces oestrogen an progesterone

29
Q

What is the compromise made by cell specialisation

A

Them not being able to survive as one cell

30
Q

what is homeostatis

A

communication between specialised cells and they all work together. These hence maintain a static condition in the body

31
Q

what are the homeostatic control systems

A

cardiovascular, circultory, respiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, urinary, endocrine and neurophysiological

32
Q

What is the buffer that can allow humans to survive varying temps

A

the extracellular matrix

33
Q

What allows the temp to keep the same

A

we have measures to keep it the same

34
Q

what is bernard famous for

A

homeostasis

35
Q

what is the normal values of human ecf

A

40 PO2, PCO2 40 Na+ 142, K+, CA2+ 1., Cl- 108, Glucose 85, temp 37, PH 7.4

36
Q

What has a real tight range

A

PH, temperature

37
Q

What is outside the normal rangers

A

hypo for below, hyper for aboce

38
Q

What is a control system

A

a stimulus which effect a receptor which affects an afferent pathway, which affect the integrating center, then affects the efferent pathway, which tells the effector to generate a response

39
Q

What detect temp

A

hypothalamus

40
Q

What is negative feedback

A

when we want to stop the stimulus

41
Q

what is positive feedback

A

non homeostatic stuff include blood clotting action portentials and childbirth

42
Q

What is required for something negative feedback loop to happen

A

error signal

43
Q

what is a feedforward loop

A

where you predict something FOF response

44
Q

What is a parametric feed forward

A

example would be opwning up a door, from something learned

45
Q

what is a predictive homeostasis

A

fight or flight

46
Q

what happens with exercise

A

your carbon dioxide goes down because exercise produces co2

47
Q

What do we need to know for homeostatic control

A

what vatiable needs to be constant, what are the receptors that detects changes in the variable, where is the afferent info anf what are the effectors

48
Q

what are the main communication systems

A

nervous and endocrine

49
Q

what is common with both nervous and endocrine systems

A

long distance

50
Q

what is the difference between nervous and endocrine system

A

ns is fast, es is slow, adaptation is quick for ns and slow for es. the ns is very specific whereas the es is wide

51
Q

What functions as both neurotransmitter and hormones

A

most neurotransmitters

52
Q

what is the difference between neurotransmiter and hormones

A

neurotransmitter = nervous, hormones = endocrine

53
Q

What is thermo regulation

A

through shivering when cold and sweating when hot, it is operated by the hypothalamus.

54
Q

what is how temperature works

A

low body temp -> thermoreceptors -> sensory neurons -> brain -> motor neurons -> blood vessels -> increase temp

55
Q

What causes blood glucose levels to increase

A

glucagon

56
Q

What is the stimulus cycle for blood glucose

A

elevated blood glucose -> beta cells in pancreas -> pancreas secretes inculin ->transport in blood -> liver opens up glucose channels -> decrease glucose

57
Q

What is the baroreceptor reflec

A

to increase blood pressure

58
Q

what is he positive feedback loop of childbirth

A

child puts pressure in the cervix which secretes oxytosin which increases the contraction of the uterus which increases pressure

59
Q

what is the voltage gated channels action porential

A

positive feedback loop

Biomedicine Specialised Core Subjects (20 decks)

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