Final Review

Question 1

characteristics of life

Answer 1

1. order
2. energy conversion
3. interaction w/ environment
4. regulation
5. composed of cells
6. reproduction
7. growth and development
8. evolutionary adaptations

Question 2

negative feedback

Answer 2

the excess product stops production

Question 3

positive feedback

Answer 3

excess product starts production

Question 4

natural selection requirements

Answer 4

1. variation exists
2. heritability
3. some offspring will not survive
4. favorable trait-holders survive and reproduce

Question 5

types of selection

Answer 5

1. disruptive (both extremes)
2. stabilizing (intermediate phenotypes)
3. directional (one extreme)

Question 6

mechanisms of microevolution

Answer 6

1. artificial selection
2. gene flow (genes across pop.s)
3. genetic drift (change in allele freq.)
4. sexual selection

Question 7

types of evolution

Answer 7

1. convergent: similar places, similar traits
2. divergent: two different places, same traits

Question 8

types of structures

Answer 8

1. analogous: similar function no structure
2. homologous: similar features, diff function

Question 9

taxonomical order

Answer 9

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

Question 10

synapomorphs

Answer 10

shared derived characterisitics

Question 11

species concepts

Answer 11

1. morphological - look same, are same
2. biological - reproduce together, same
3. phylogenetic - share evol. history, are same
4. ecological - same niche, are same

Question 12

pre-zygotic

Answer 12

1. habitat isolation
2. behavioral isolation
3. temporal isolation
4. mechanical isolation
5. gametic isolation

Question 13

post-zygotic barriers

Answer 13

1. hybrid inviability
2. hybrid sterility
3. hybrid breakdown

Question 14

types of speciation

Answer 14

allopatric: geographic separation halts gene flow (small and isolated)

sympatric: new species in parent populations