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Nursing > Bio Test 2 > Flashcards

Bio Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Increase in complexity of function & skills progression is under
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Development

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2
Q

Unfolding full physical, emotional, and intellectual capabilities
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Maturation

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3
Q

Can be measured in height and weight
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Physical growth

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4
Q

Able to function at a higher, complex level
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Maturation

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5
Q

Increase in cell number and size
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Physical growth

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6
Q

Influenced by thyroxine and growth hormone
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Physical growth

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7
Q

Sharing toys; cooperating with others
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Development

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8
Q

Establishment of career and family roles
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Maturation

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9
Q

Become taller and bigger
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Physical growth

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10
Q

Reached puberty
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Maturation

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11
Q

Learning to crawl, walk, and talk
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Development

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12
Q

Changes in appearance eg. hair growth
1. Physical growth
2. Development
3. Maturation

A

Physical Growth

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13
Q

Age Development of Prenatal

A

Conception to birth

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14
Q

Age Development of Infancy

A

Birth - 12 months

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15
Q

Age Development of Childhood

A

1y.o - 12y.o (Puberty)

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16
Q

Age Development of Adolescence

A

12y.o (Puberty) - 20y,o

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17
Q

Age Development of Early Adulthood

A

20y.o - 40y.o

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18
Q

Age Development of Middle Adulthood

A

40y.o - 65y.o

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19
Q

Age Development of Late Adulthood

A

65y.o & above

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20
Q

-Childhood-
_________ ________ slows and stabilizes during preschool years.
While _______ ______________ continues rapidly.

A

Physical growth, motor development

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21
Q

-Adolescence-
Transition from _______________ to _______________.
Characterized by sudden ___________ _____________ due to hormonal changes/ activity

A

Childhood, Adulthood,
Physical changes, Hormonal changes/ activity

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22
Q

List down 3 Physical/ Physiological changes in the middle-Late Adulthood.

A
  1. Decreased skin turgor & loss of skin elasticity
  2. Reduced muscle strength &mass
  3. Decreased range of joint movements
  4. Impaired coordination, memory & intellectual function
  5. Possible diminished acuity of senses
  6. Declined hormone levels - Menopause & Androgen
  7. Deterioration of immunity
  8. Reduced functional abilities
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23
Q

What structure allows the relaxed ventricle time to fill with blood during atrial contraction?

A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

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24
Q

What structure conducts cardiac impulses rapidly throughout the ventricles?

A

Purkinje fibers

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25
Q

What structure divides further into Purkinje fibers?

A

Left and right bundles branches

25
Q

What structure initiates impulses & fires acardiac impulses 60 to 100 times per minute?

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

25
Q

5 Environmental Factors that influence growth and development?

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Stimulation & enrichment
  3. Toxic exposures
  4. Socioeconomic status
  5. Family environment
25
Q

What structure divides into 2 branches?

A

Bundle of His

25
Q

Lymph produces lymphocytes?

A

True

25
Q

4 functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Fluid balance
  2. Immune defence
  3. Absorption of diety fats
  4. Transports immune cells & molecules
26
Q

List 3 functions of conducting system

A
  1. Initiation of electrical impulses
  2. Coordination of cardiac contraction
  3. Regulation of heart rate
27
Q

The altered concentration of the hormones in the body during adolescence stage can lead to the development of mood swings and acne. True or false?

A

True

28
Q

List 5 physiological changes during the adolescence stage

A
  1. Puberty
  2. Growth spurt
  3. Brain development
  4. Hormonal changes
  5. Bone & muscle development
29
Q

5 physiological changes during the late adulthood stage

A
  1. Decreased muscle mass & length
  2. Reduced bone density
  3. Decline in sensory function
  4. Cardiovascular changes
  5. Decreased respiratory function
30
Q

Are dark leafy vegetables considered a source of Iron?

A

Yes

31
Q

Does a diet high in fiber prevent constipation?

A

Yes

32
Q

5 consequences obesity might lead to

A
  1. Type 2 diabetes
  2. Cardiovascular disease
  3. Joint problems
  4. Respiratory issues
  5. Cancer
33
Q

What nutrient creates bulk in the stools

A

Fibers

34
Q

What nutrient is the main source of energy for the body

A

Carbohydrate

35
Q

What nutrient plays an important role in metabolism

A

Minerals

36
Q

What nutrient is necessary for digestion, absorption, and metabolism

A

Water

37
Q

What nutrient is used for the growth and repair of tissues

A

Protein

38
Q

What nutrient is essential for normal metabolic and physiological bodily function

A

Vitamins

39
Q

What nutrient insulates the body to prevent excessive heat loss

A

Fats

40
Q

State 2 main nutrients needed for pregnancy

A

Folate (Functions: DNA synthesis & repair, & RBC formation/ found in Leafy greens and eggs)
Iron (Functions: Oxygen transport & Energy metabolism/ found in red meat,& fish and seafood)

41
Q

The rod-shaped bacteria is known as?

A

Bacilli

42
Q

Poratic infection can occur as a result of?

A

Ingestion of contaminated food and water

43
Q

The spiral-shaped bacteria is known as?

A

Spirilla

44
Q

The circle-shaped bacteria is known as?

A

Cocci

45
Q

Definition of carrier

A

An organism that harbors & spreads a disease-causing agent

46
Q

Definition of Nosocomial infection

A

Infection that occurs in healthcare settings that were not present or incubating at the time of admission

47
Q

Definition of cross-infection

A

Transfer of harmful microorganisms from one source to another

48
Q

Which type of pathogen has Endotoxin and Exotoxin

A

Bacteria

49
Q

What are the 6 Chain of infection (CREMES)

A

Causative agents (cause of the disease)
Reservoir (Habitat of pathogen)
Exit portal (Respiratory, digestive, urinary systems, discharges from eyes, nose, ears, blood, or sweat)
Mode of transmission (Inhalation, air droplets, injection, contact, mosquito or dogs)
Entry portal
Susceptible host (Low resistance to pathogens)

50
Q

5 factors required for bacterial growth

A
  1. Nutrients (food)
  2. Moisture (water)
  3. Temperature (10’c below will stop growing, 37’c best, 60’c dies)
  4. pH (7.35-7.45)
  5. Gases (Oxygen & CO2)
51
Q

5 factors that might increase susceptibility to infection

A

Immunocompromised state
Age
Chronic health conditions
Malnutrition
Environmental factors

52
Q

4 main types of microorganisms

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa

53
Q

Stages development: Male Adolescence
V
S
S
H

A

Voice change
Spurt in growth (increase in height and size)
Shoulders widening
Hair growth (facial & pubic)

54
Q

Stages development: Female Adolescence
S
M
B
H
P

A

Spurt (chest and hip size)
Menstruation
Breast development
Hips widening
Pubic hair growing

55
Q

Altered concertration of hormones in the body causes?
A
S
E
M
O

A

Acne
Sleep pattern (altered)
Esteem- low self-esteem(due to altered body image)
Mood swings
Odor (body odor)

Nursing (7 decks)

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