16-1 and 16-2 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Thurgood Marshall
NAACP lawyer who argued Brown v. BOE of Topeka, KS and the first African-American Supreme Court Justice.
Earl Warren
Chief Justice during the mid-1950’s to late-1960’s who used a loose interpretation to expand rights for both African-Americans and those accused of crimes.
Martin Luther King Jr.
Minister who was a civil rights leader who advocated civil
disobedience and nonviolence. He wrote “A Letter from a Birmingham Jail”, led the “March on Washington” and was assassinated in 1968.
Rosa Parks
United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement. Her refusal to give up her seat led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
1955 protest action to end segregation on buses in Montgomery, Alabama. It ended when the Supreme Court ruled segregation on buses was unconstitutional.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Organization that fought for equality and civil rights for African Americans.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
The Supreme Court overruled Plessey v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
Little Rock Nine
1957 - Governor Faubus sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent nine Black students from entering Little Rock Central High School. Eisenhower sent in the U.S. Army to ensure the students could attend class.
sit-in
Nonviolent protests in which a person sits and refuses to leave.
Freedom Riders
Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation.
March on Washington (1963)
August - 200,000 demonstrators converged on the Lincoln Memorial to hear Dr. King’s speech and to celebrate Kennedy’s support for the civil rights movement. Dr. King made his “I Have A Dream” speech.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Banned segregation in public accommodations
-The federal government has the power to make schools desegregate
-The Justice Department can prosecute people who violate civil rights
-Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, sex or national origin
-Equal Employment Opportunity Commission would investigate violations
Governor Wallace
Governor of Alabama who pledged to oppose integration and to prevent enrollment of blacks at state university.
Jackie Robinson
The first African American player in Major League Baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.
Executive Order 9981
President Truman desegregated the US military in 1948.
