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Small Ruminant Husbandry and Medicine > 16/17: Goat medicine > Flashcards

16/17: Goat medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What substitute is there for goat’s milk?

A

None

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2
Q

What are most goat diets like?

A

Complete and use maize silage

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3
Q

What must goats also have access to?

A

Long fibre

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4
Q

Why is it not common to graze goats?

A

Parasites

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5
Q

How do you feed milking goats?

A

Like dairy cows

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6
Q

How do you feed not milking goats?

A

Like sheep

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7
Q

Why do you need a stable or slab yard for the winter?

A

Need to keep feet dry

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8
Q

Can you give goats cattle feed?

A

Yes - more tolerant of copper than sheep

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9
Q

Can you give goats sheep feed?

A

Not if it doesn’t have any copper

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10
Q

What happens if you over-feed pig rations?

A

Toxicity

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11
Q

What are two main problems seen in pet goats?

A

Over-fed or poor foot care

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12
Q

What are the consequences of obesity?

A

Arthritis and laminitis

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13
Q

What is prognosis following entero-toxaemia or peri-parturient toxicosis?

A

Poor

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14
Q

What is prognosis following dorsal uterine tear?

A

Can survive and kid again

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15
Q

Do goats browse or graze?

A

Browse

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16
Q

What is mineral and protein like in goat diet?

A

Most things they eat are higher than grass

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17
Q

Why do goats have no immunity to parasites?

A

Won’t eat anything contaminated with faeces

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18
Q

What kind of feed to goats have higher tolerance to?

A

Bitter - but still fussy eaters

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19
Q

How do kids behave compared to lambs?

A

Don’t follow mothers, instead they hide and huddle

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20
Q

How do goats show dominance?

A

Have hierarchy and use mounting and headbutting

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21
Q

What causes teat-biting?

A

Overcrowding and boredom , esp if in season but not mated

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22
Q

What is hepatic drug metabolism like compared to sheep?

A

About half

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23
Q

What is the significance of slow drug metabolism?

A

Antibiotic residues

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24
Q

Which drugs do pygmy goats metabolise faster?

A

Sulphonamides, chloramphenicol, and others done by hepatic microsomal enzymes

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25
Q

How many licensed drugs are there?

A

None

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26
Q

What are milk and meat withdrawals?

A

7 days and 28 days

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27
Q

Why is lameness common after tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones?

A

Small muscle mass

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28
Q

How can you prevent hindlimb muscle damage?

A

SC instead of IM

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29
Q

Why is fluid therapy important in goats?

A

React badly to shock

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30
Q

What is oestrus cycle like?

A

Seasonally polyoestrus in temperate regions

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31
Q

What happens to oestrus cycle between March and August?

A

Totally anoestrus

32
Q

What initiates breeding season in the male and female?

A

Decreasing day length

33
Q

What is maintenance of pregnancy?

A

CL

34
Q

How can you terminate pregnancy?

A

PGs or induce parturition

35
Q

How long after injection does parturition occur?

A

36 hours

36
Q

What else can you use PGs for?

A

Synchronise oestrus

37
Q

How long after sponging do they show oestrus?

A

30-36

38
Q

How long after sponge removal do you do fixed AI?

A

36-40 hours

39
Q

How do you induce oestrus using light?

A

20 hours of light for 60 days, then suddenly introduce males and oestrus occurs 7-10 weeks later

40
Q

What kidding rates do you get when inducing oestrus using light?

A

50-60%

41
Q

What do goats need before they respond to melatonin?

A

Artificial light

42
Q

What 3 conditions must PD distinguish between?

A

Pregnant, false pregnancy, not cycling

43
Q

What should you NOT use for PD in goats?

A

Non-return, mammary development, abdominal distention

44
Q

How accurate is low progesterone for non-pregnancy?

A

100%

45
Q

How accurate is high progesterone in determining pregnancy?

A

85-90%

46
Q

What are two causes of high progesterone other than pregnancy?

A

Hydrometra or normal oestrus cycle

47
Q

What are freemartins like in goats?

A

Normal

48
Q

What can happen to kid udders in Summer?

A

Show udder development and milk production

49
Q

How do you treat milk production in kids?

A

Only milk if uncomfortable, feed may control, drugs to inhibit prolactin aren’t effective

50
Q

In old does, what is the usual cause of vaginal bleeding?

A

Uterine tumours

51
Q

How common are urinary tumours?

A

Not

52
Q

What is the only clostridial disease goats get?

A

Perfringens type D (enterotoxaemia)

53
Q

Should you use combined clostridial and pasteurella vaccine?

A

No

54
Q

What can happen to kids in converted buildings?

A

Resp disease

55
Q

What does “pasteurellosis” in goats involve?

A

Viruses or other bacteria

56
Q

Is there a pasteurella vaccine in goats?

A

None licensed, none meets strain requirements

57
Q

What are goat feet like compared to sheep?

A

More affected by wet

58
Q

How often do you trim goat feet?

A

Every 6 weeks - not possible commercially

59
Q

When should you only use anthelmintics in goats?

A

If they actually need worming

60
Q

What must you do in goats with a worm burden?

A

Improve nutrition so they can maintain condition

61
Q

What do you do to goats on arrival?

A

Deworm

62
Q

How much higher than sheep rate do you give anthelmintics?

A

1.5-2x sheep rate

63
Q

How can you increase anthelmintic efficacy?

A

Withold food, but not in dairy or pregnant animals

64
Q

What is thymus like in kids?

A

Enlarged - increases from 1 week to 4 months then regresess by 6-9 months

65
Q

Which kind of cysts are common in some breeds?

A

Salivary

66
Q

Which ectoparasite drugs are licensed?

A

None

67
Q

Why do you use sheep rather than cattle ectoparasiticides?

A

Parasite species similar, but goat hair and skin in more like cattle

68
Q

What is the advantage of shearing and shampooing goats?

A

Remove eggs and adult lice

69
Q

What can kill kids during disbudding?

A

Xylazine overdose, or meningo-encephalitis

70
Q

What is a better anaesthetic for goat disbudding?

A

Gaseous, and no need to restrict milk

71
Q

How old should kids be at disbudding?

A

2-4 days

72
Q

What should you do if the kid’s horn buds are too large?

A

Wait and use a wire

73
Q

What should you also remember to give at disbudding?

A

Tetanus antitoxin

74
Q

What can you remove at the same time as disbudding?

A

Scent glands

75
Q

Over what age must kids be castrates by a vet?

A

2 months

76
Q

At what age are kids sexually mature?

A

3 months

77
Q

Up to what age can you use rubber ring or Burdizzo?

A

1 week

Small Ruminant Husbandry and Medicine (12 decks)

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