16. Surgical GIT 1 Flashcards
(48 cards)
What structures should you find for an equine exploration of the abdomen?
Ventral Midline incision - dorsal recumbency
-Gas decompression
Large colon
-Find iliocecal fold and follow oral to duodenocolic ligament
-Follow ascending colon from cecocolic fold to pelvic flexure, exteriorize the ascending colon and palpate
-Descending colon, palpate bands and fecal balls
-Palpate the stomach, duodenum, transverse colon, liver, spleen, diaphram, kidney and repro
Where do simple obstructions like to occur?
Stomach, ileocecal junction, cecum, right dorsal colon, pelvic flexure and small colon
What are some causes of simple obstruction?
Ascarid Impaction, Ileal Impaction, Cecal Impaction, Small Colon Impaction, Large Colon Impaction, Meconium Impaction
What can cause a gastric or stomach impaction?
-Excessive dry fibrous ingesta or material that forms a mass (persimmon seed or mesquite bean) (Wheat, barley, beet pulp)
-Dental disease and inability to properly chew
How do you diagnose a gastric impaction?
Endoscopy, at surgery, ultrasound maybe
How do you treat a gastric impaction?
Gastric lavage via NG tube
What type of impaction is most common in foals and weanlings 4-24 months old?
Ascarid Impaction
(Foal looks parasitized - after treatment)
How do you treat a foal with ascarid impaction?
Surgical - milk ascarid into cecum and allow patient to pass in feces
(severe enterotomy or R and A if bowel devitalized)
What is the prognosis for ascarid impacitons?
Guarded-necrotizing enteritis, adhesions, peritonitis and abscess formation
What is the most common non-strangulating lesion of the equine small intestines?
Ileal impaction
What feed stuff predisposes horses to Ileal impactions?
Bermuda (Southeast)
How can you diagnose Ileal Impactions?
Palpation via rectum 10-39%
Distended Small Intestines 87%
Ultrasound 99%
How can you treat ileal impactions?
Medically - fluid and analgesia
How do you diagnose a cecal impaction?
Rectal Palpation
What are the 2 types of cecal impaction?
Type 1: Firm ingesta - silent killer (diet, dentition, change in feed, less water intake, tape worm)
Type 2: Cecal dysfunction preventing cecal outflow into right ventral colon
How do you treat a cecal impaction?
medically - fluid, lax, NSAID, prokinetics
Surgical - typhlotomy
What is the most common type of colic?
Large colon tympany
Gas or Spasmodic colic
How do you treat gas colic?
Pain management
Withold feces
Buscopan
Where do large colon impactions most commonly occur?
Left ventral colon and pelvic flexure or right dorsal colon
What causes large colon impactions?
change in management or musculoskeletal injury
-Atropine or morphine
How do you manage large colon impaction?
medical usually successful (fluids, lax and analgesia)
-risk of rupture
-Nonresponsive - surgery
How do you diagnose large colon impaction?
Rectal Palpation
How does a right dorsal displacement occur?
Non-strangulating, malposition, gas without disrupting blood supply - mild to moderate pain and distension
-Colon moves around the base of the cecum between it and the body wall
-mature and large breed
How do you diagnose a Right dorsal displacement?
rectal exam - tinea horizonal, no pelvic flexure felt
