Field Anesthetics

Question 1

Why is horse anesthesia different than other species?

Answer 1

Recumbency is not natural
Fight or flight response strong
Induction and recovery hard

Question 2

How long can IV anesthesia be used?

Answer 2

Up to 1 hour

Question 3

What factors contribute to anesthesia mortality? What age group is commonly effected?

Answer 3

Age, duration surgery, drugs for sedation, inhalents
<10 day foal or <1 month

Question 4

What kind of location should you drop a horse in? What else should you consider when dropping one?

Answer 4

Clean, dry, flat locaiton away from things they can hurt themselves on

Take off halters and make sure eye is closed and safe

Question 5

If a horse is still excited despite the pre-medications, should you just go ahead and anesthetize it?

Answer 5

No!

Question 6

What should you do to prep your patient for anesthesia?

Answer 6

Check heart and lungs well (these diseases can have a rough effect and be made much worse
Hisotry HYPP?
Fast them 4-48hr
Rinse mouth out

Question 7

What 3 groups of medications are commonly used for standing sedation and premedication?

Answer 7

Alpha 2 agonist
Phenothiazine
Opioids

Question 8

What are some common alpha 2 agonists?

Answer 8

Xyline and Detomidine

Question 9

What effect do alpha 2 have?

Answer 9

Sedation, muscle relaxant and analgesia (Decrease HR and cardiac output)

5 point stance

Question 10

When do alpah 2 reach peak effect?

Answer 10

IV 3-5min
IM 10-15 min

Question 11

Which alpha 2 is more potent?

Answer 11

Detomidine

Question 12

What are some side effects of alpha 2?

Answer 12

Decrease GIT motility
Increased urination
Reversible

Question 13

How long does it take oral detomidine to work?

Answer 13

45 min

Question 14

What drug is in the phenothiazine category?

Answer 14

Acepromazine

Question 15

What are side effects of ace?

Answer 15

Horse can be aroused
Potential hypotension

Question 16

How long does it take ace to act? What is its duration?

Answer 16

15-30 min

6-10 hour duration

Question 17

What effect does ace have?

Answer 17

minimal muscle relaxation or ataxia, no analgesia- dissociative

Question 18

What is a major side effect of phenothiazines?

Answer 18

Piraprism in breeding stallion

Question 19

What are some opioids we can use and how do we use them?

Answer 19

Adjunctivity to tranquilizer
Butorphanol, morphine, fentanyl
Don’t use alone or else excitement

Question 20

What drugs are used for induction and TIVA?

Answer 20

Ketamine/Telazole, Muscle relaxants and profol

Question 21

What are some things to remember about dissociateives?

Answer 21

Rapid effect
-Recovery smooth with alpha 2
duration of ketamine and alpha 2 15-20min

Question 22

What’s critical about administering xylazine and ketamine?

Answer 22

Xylazine 1st for edation
-no excited horse
-dont disturb in recovery
-ketamine IV only
-Apneustic breathing common
-minor surgery
-Diazepam can help

Question 23

What is Telazol?

Answer 23

Tiletamine and Zolazepam
-rough recovery but long anesthesia

Question 24

What is TKD used for?

Answer 24

Telazole, ketamine and detomadine
-small volume
-Induce recumbency in 1 min (racetrack) , sternal 36min, stand 40min
-No use for surgery

Question 25

What is Guaifenesin? What is it used for?

Answer 25

Muscle relaxant Dont use alone Decreased amount of other drugs used

Question 26

What does an overdose of GG look like?

Answer 26

200mg/kg Extension forelimb, labored breathing and respiratory and cardiac arrest

Question 27

What 2 benzodiazepens can be used?

Answer 27

Midazolam and diazepam -not alone unless young foal

Question 28

Do we use propofol in equine medicine?

Answer 28

No much cause expensive Respiratory effect scary in field

Question 29

What kind of drugs do you use for Maintenace?

Answer 29

Longer acting Repeat short acting CRI

Question 30

What do you do if you want to prolong a xylazine and ketamine anesthesia?

Answer 30

Give 1/3 to 1/2 xylazine and ketamine Add GG Use Detomidine instead of xylazine Give 1/4 to 1/2 ketamine and valium

Question 31

What is triple drip?

Answer 31

GKX -GG, xylazine and ketamine -Induction in foal -Overdose look like light horse

Question 32

How long can triple drip hold anestheasia?

Answer 32

1 hour - need O2

Question 33

If using TIVA what it recommended?

Answer 33

Place a catheter

Question 34

How do you monitor during TIVA?

Answer 34

Brisk palpebral Tearing Occasional nystagmus Muscle relaxation

Question 35

What are the ACVAA guidelines for monitoring 1 hr procedure?

Answer 35

Digital pulse palpation, CRT, MM color, watch resp

Question 36

How do you know a horse is getting light?

Answer 36

Increase RR, reflex and muscles

Question 37

A recumbent horse is...

Answer 37

Hypoxic - ok 45-60min

Question 38

What should you tell owners about recovery?

Answer 38

Most injuries there can be catastrophic Occur when horse tries to stand physical and chem restraint

Question 39

What should you ensure during field recovery?

Answer 39

No debris, tail assist, slow them, good footing, cover eye