Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Urogenital System > 16. The Climacteric > Flashcards

16. The Climacteric Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define the Climacteric Stage

A

Transition from reproductive to non-reproductive state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define menopause

A

Permanent cessation of menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does menopause occur

A

After 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea for which there is no other pathologic or physiologic cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

At which median age does menopause occur

A

51.4 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is menopause before 40 normal?

A

No it is pathological and is termed premature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When does the Climacteric start

A

4 yrs prior to the last menstrual period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

At which stage in utero do females have 6-7 million primordial follicles?

A

16 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

By 16 weeks in utero, there are how many primordial follicles in the female baby

A

6-7million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Approximately how many oocytes does the average female have at puberty

A

300,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or false

The number of follicles in the ovary determines the age at which the menopause takes place

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False
Oral Contraceptives affect the number of oocytes present at a stage of life

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List eight sites of Oestrogen Receptors

A 
Urogenital Tract
Breasts
Bones
Skin
Most connective tissue
Cardiovascular system
Liver 
CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to FSH and LH levels 2-3 yrs before menopause

A

Levels increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

FSH and LH levels increase how long before the onset of menopause

A

2-3yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the effect of menopause in Estradiol levels

A

Levels decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Estradiol levels decline how long before menopause

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

After menopause what happens to FSH and LH levels

A

The levels continue to rise

(X20 increase in FSH)
(X3 increase in LH)

Peaks 1-3 yrs after menopause onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the effect of menopause on Androgen producing Theca cells

A

They continue to produce androgens, they just produce less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Decrease in which hormone contributes to the decreased sexual function in post menopausal women

A

Decreased Androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the normal menstrual cycle for ovulatory women

A

28+/- 7 days

Lasting 5+/- 2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or False

Menopause is consistently proceeded by a period of prolonged cycle intervals

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle

A

Inhibits FSH

:. During menopause there is decreased estrogen and the pituitary gland “flogs” the struggling ovary with as much FSH possible to stimulate growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

During the Climacteric before menopause the menstrual cycle increases from 25-35 days to …

A

Uo to 40-50 days and the periods appear skipped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are two vasomotor symptoms of Menopause

A

Hot flashes and Night sweats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
What is the most common symptom of menopause
Hot flashes
25
Describe the term Hot Flashes
Sudden onset of a sensation of heat, sweating, and flushing
26
How long do hot flashes last
2-4 minutes
27
What are “Night Sweats”
Hot flashes that occur at night usually while a woman is sleeping
28
Which risk factors of a female affects the severity of the Vasomotor Symptoms Associated with menopause
Ethnicity (African and Latin America more than Asian women) Early age of menarche and menopause onset History of irregular menses Increased BMI Social drugs (alcohol and cigarette use)
29
How long does it take for Postmenopausal sympotoms to spontaneously resolve
The symptoms resolve spontaneously within 5yrs
30
Vasomotor symptoms of Menopause persists for decades or becomes lifelong in what percentage of women
10-15%
31
What is the most effective treatment available for hot flashes
Hormone Replacement Therapy (alpha adrenergic agonists, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors can be used)
32
What are two urogenital effects of vaginal dryness
Itching, dyspareunia
33
What are two Urogenital Symptoms of Menopause
Vaginal Dryness | Urinary Incontinence
34
What leads to urinary incontinence in Menopausal women
Atrophy of the urethral mucosa and the trigone, resulting in less control over bladder function
35
What causes the decreased lubrication of vagina and vulva in menopause
Low estrogen levels which cause decreased blood flow to vulva and vagina
36
What change is seen in the cervix during menopause
The cervix atrophies and becomes flush with the vaginal vault, less cushioning
37
What changes are seen in the vagina during menopause
Decreased elasticity with vagina becoming shorter and shorter
38
True or False Depression occurs more frequently in women
True
39
Women lose what percentage of their trabecular bone during their lifetime
Approximately 50%
40
Women lose what percentage of their cortical bone during their lifetime
Approximately 30%
41
Half of the bone material lost during the lifetime of a female is lost when?
During the first 10 years after menopause
42
There is about what percentage increase in Low Density Lipoproteins in Postmenopausal women
6%
43
What value of Serum FSH in UI/ml implies menopause
>50 IU/ml
44
When is FSH test for menopause taken (which day of the cycle)
Day 2 or 3
45
Oestradiol can be measured using which samples
Serum Urine Saliva
46
A serum estradiol level less than what value can diagnose Menopause
<50pg/mL
47
Hormonal Replacement Therapy treatment for Menopause, uses which Hormone
Estrogen
48
Estrogen therapy for menopause treats menopausal symptoms by:
Reducing the frequency of hot flashes by 77% Decreasing symptoms associated with vulvovaginal atrophy
49
What are the administration methods for Hormonal Replacement Therapy
Transdermal patch Oral Topical as creams
50
If a patient opting for Hormonal Replacement Therapy with Estrogen has a uterus, the Estrogen should be administered with what?
Progestin To prevent endometrial hyperplasia
51
NB// Estrogen should be started on low doses and used for less than a 1yr/2 yr period and then tapered off the Medicine
Okay😉
52
The decision to use Hormone Replacement Therapy depends on what factors?
Current Health Status Personal Health History Family Health History
53
Here are a few ABSOLUTE contraindications for Hormonal Replacement Therapy
``` Breast Cancer. (Current, past or suspected) Estrogen-sensitive malignant conditions (known or suspected) Undiagnosed genital bleeding Untreated Endometrial hyperplasia Venous Thromboembolism Thromboembolic disease Untreated hypertension Active Liver Disease ```
54
List 7 complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies that exist
``` Stress management Nonprescription remedies Chiropractic and Naturopathic care Massage Therapy Dietary soy Herbs Acupuncture ```
55
List one conventional drug used to treat Postmenopausal symptoms
Clonidine
56
Which 2 selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are used in Alternative therapy treatment for Postmenopausal symptoms
Gabapentine | Venlaxafine
57
List four herbs/ natural sources of estrogen
Soy Yams Evening Primrose Red Clover
58
What is the result of an overall decrease in Androgen levels in the Postmenopausal woman
``` Decreased libido Decreased sexual response Decreased sense of well being Poor concentration Fatigue ```
59
List three pharmacologic products that are effective in fracture prevention of the Postmenopausal woman
Bisphosphates Parathyroid hormone Calcium plus Vitamin D
60
List two non pharmacologic intervention of fracture prevention in Postmenopausal women
Regular Exercise | Reduce risk for fractures secondary to osteoporosis
61
Postmenopausal women should be screened for:
Cardiovascular disease Cancer Osteoporosis
62
Which cancers should Postmenopausal women be screened for
Colon Ovarian Uterine Breast

Urogenital System (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions