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Urogenital System > Pathology Of Female Genitalia 3: Ovary > Flashcards

Pathology Of Female Genitalia 3: Ovary Flashcards

1
Q

Ovarian Pathology is classified into into which three (3) groups

A
  • inflammation (rare)
  • non-neoplastic cysts
  • neoplasms
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2
Q

What is usually the cause of Ovary Inflammation

A

Usually secondary to spread from fallopian tube (tubo-ovarian abscess)

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3
Q

Apart from secondary spread from fallopian tubes, list two other causes of ovary inflammation

A

Appendicitis

Diverticulitis

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4
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Non neoplastic ovarian cysts

A 
An increase in ovarian production of androgen>>
Impaired follicular development>>
Persistent anovulation>>
Development of follicular cysts>>
Estrogen secretion
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5
Q

List three types of non-neoplastic ovarian cyst

A
  • Follicular cyst (PCOS)
  • corpus luteum cyst
  • endometriotic cyst
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6
Q

An obese young woman with infertility, oligomenorrhea, and hirsuitism is a classic presentation of what ovarian pathology

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

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7
Q

How are chocolate/ endometriotic cysts formed

A

Secondary to haemorrhage within endometriotic deposits

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8
Q

Ovarian tumours can be classified as primary or secondary.
What are the four classifications of Primary Neoplasm

A

Surface (germinal/coelomic) Epithelium
Germ cell
Sex cord - stromal cells
Miscellaneous

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9
Q

Malignant Surface epithelium Primary Neoplasms account for what percentage of ovarian cancer

A

90%

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10
Q

What percentage of Primary Neoplasm does Surface Epithelium account for?

A

65%

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11
Q

What percentage of Primary Neoplasm does Germ Cells account for?

A

20%

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12
Q

What percentage of Primary Neoplasm does sex cord stromal cells account for?

A

10%

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13
Q

What percentage of Primary Neoplasm are miscellaneous

A

5%

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14
Q

What are the two most common subtypes of Surface Epithelial tumour

A

-Serous
-Mucinous

Endometrioid and Brenner are two other subtypes

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15
Q

Benign Surface Epithelial Neoplasms are called

A

Cystadenomas- because they are predominantly cystic
(Mucinous type)

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16
Q

How are Surface Epithelial Neoplasms classified

A

By histological type of cell lining the cystic cavity

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17
Q

What are the secretions seen in Serous and Mucinous Surface Epithelial Tumor subtypes

A

Serous - watery fluid
Mucinous - mucus like fluid

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18
Q

Serous type cells of Surface Epithelial Neoplasms resemble cells of which FGT structure

A

Fallopian Tube

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19
Q

Mucinous type cells of Surface Epithelial Neoplasms resemble cells of which FGT structure

A

Endocervix

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20
Q

Endometrioid type cells of Surface Epithelial Neoplasms resemble cells of which FGT structure

A

Endometrial cells

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21
Q

Brenner type cells of Surface Epithelial Neoplasms resemble cells of which FGT structure

A

Resemble urothelial cells

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22
Q

What is the most common ovarian neoplasm

A

Serous Tumours

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23
Q

Serous tumours account for what percentage of all ovarian tumours

A

25%-30%

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24
Q

What percentage of Serous tumours are Benign

A

60%

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25
Q

What percentage of Serous tumours are “borderline”

A

15%

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26
Q

What percentage of Serous tumours are Malignant

A

25%

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27
Q

What percentage of Serous tumours are bilateral

A

30-50%

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28
Q

Most Serous Tumours of the Ovary occur in children or adults?

A

Adults

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29
Q

Are serous tumours usually unilocular or multilocular

A

Multilocular

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30
Q

What causes the variable solidity in Serous Tumours

A

Papillary Intracystic Growth

Solidity increases as lesion becomes more malignant

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31
Q

Borderline tumours or serous tumours of low malignant potential (LMP) show all the histological features of malignancy EXCEPT

A

Stromal invasion

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32
Q

Read//

Serous Tumours are low grade Carcinomas with good prognosis

A

Yupp

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33
Q

Describe the structure of malignant serous/mucinous tumours aka cystadenocarcinoma

A

complex cyst with a thick shaggy lining

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34
Q

What percentage of Mucinous Neoplasms are bilateral?

A

10-20%

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35
Q

What percentage of Mucinous Neoplasms are Benign

A

80%

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36
Q

What percentage of Mucinous Neoplasms are borderline

A

10%

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37
Q

What percentage of Mucinous Neoplasms are malignant

A

10%

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38
Q

30% of patients with Ovary Endometrioid have associated…

A

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

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39
Q

What percentage of tumours do Brenner Tumours account for

A

1-2%

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40
Q

Note

Brenner tumours are predominantly solid

A

Ok

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41
Q

List three types of Sex Cord Stromal Tumours

A

Granulosa cell tumour
Thecoma/Fibroma
Sertoli-Leydig Tumour

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42
Q

Granulosa Cell Tumours occur at which age

A

Any age

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43
Q

What are sex cord-stromal tumors

A

these are tumors that resemble sex cord stromal tissues of the ovary

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44
Q

What percentage of Granulosa Cell Tumours produce excessive oestrogen

A

25%-75%

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45
Q

What is the effect of Granulosa Cell Tumours in Children

A

Precocious puberty

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46
Q

What is the effect of Granulosa Cell Tumours at the reproductive age

A

Menstrual irregularities

47
Q

What is the effect of Granulosa Cell Tumours at the older age

A

Post menopausal bleeding

48
Q

Do most Granulosa Cell Tumours behave malignant or Benign

A

Malignant with minimal risk for metastases

49
Q

What is the origin of a Thecoma

A

Originates from Theca Cell

50
Q

Describe the texture and appearance of a Thecoma

A

Solid and firm

51
Q

Do Thecomas produce oestrogen

A

They may, and they may also produce androgens

52
Q

True or False

Thecomas are almost always benign

A

True

53
Q

Describe Fibromas

A

Solid, invariably benign

54
Q

What is Meig’s Syndrome

A

It is defined as the triad of begnin ovarian tumour with
ascites and
pleural effusion
That resolves after resection of the tumour

55
Q

It is defined as the triad of begnin ovarian tumour with
ascites and
pleural effusion
That resolves after resection of the tumour

A

Meig’s Syndrome

56
Q

What is the result of the excess androgen secretion by Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumours

A

Virilization

57
Q

Describe Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumours of the Ovary

A

Resemble Sertoli and Leydig Cells of Testis

Predominantly solid

58
Q

What is a Dysgerminoma

A

Germ Cell Tumour

59
Q

List four thpes of Germ Cell Tumours

A

Dysgerminoma
Yolk sac tumour
Choriocarcinoma
Teratoma

60
Q

Germ Cell Tumours account for what percentage of ovarian tumours

A

20%

61
Q

What is the most common Ovarian Tumour in girls and young women

A

Germ Cell Tumours

62
Q

Are all Dysgerminomas malignant or Benign

A

Malignant

63
Q

What is the most common MALIGNANT germ cell tumour

A

Dysgerminoma

64
Q

What is the survival time span for a patient with Dysgerminomas

A

95% 5 yr survival rate

65
Q

Describe the histology of Yolk sac tumours

A

Schiller-Duva bodies (glomerulus li

66
Q

What protein is secreted by Yolk sac tumour

A

Alpha Fetoprotein

67
Q

Describe the tissue seen in choriocarcinoma

A

Trophoblast and syncitiotrophoblast

And highly malignant

68
Q

What is the most common type of germ cell tumor

A

Benign Cystic Teratoma (dermoid cyst)

69
Q

Are Benign Cystic Teratomas Multilocular or Unilocular

A

Both

70
Q

Describe the sebaceous material of a benign Cystic Teratoma

A

Cheesy Porridge like Sebaceous material with matted hair

71
Q

What is the prognosis of Solid Teratomas

A

Invariably Malignant

72
Q

Why are solid Teratomas invariably malignant

A

Due to immaturity of the tissues

73
Q

What is the presentation of Ovarian Tumours

A

Asymptomatic, pain, mass, signs of malignancy, hormonal changes

74
Q

Describe the structure of benign mucous/serous tumours of the ovary aka (cystadenomas)

A

single cyst with a simple flat lining

75
Q

Cystadenomas most commonly arise in which age group

A

Premenopausal women (30-40)

76
Q

In terms of the age group affected, what is the main difference between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas

A

Cystadenomass affect pre-menopausal women while cystadenocarcinomas affect post-menopausal women

76
Q

Describe the structure of benign mucous/serous tumours of the ovary aka (cystadenomas)

A

single cyst with a simple flat lining

77
Q

Cystadenomas most commonly arise in which age group

A

Premenopausal women (30-40)

77
Q

In terms of the age group affected, what is the main difference between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas

A

Cystadenomass affect pre-menopausal women while cystadenocarcinomas affect post-menopausal women

78
Q

Describe the structure of benign mucous/serous tumours of the ovary aka (cystadenomas)

A

single cyst with a simple flat lining

79
Q

Cystadenomas most commonly arise in which age group

A

Premenopausal women (30-40)

80
Q

In terms of the age group affected, what is the main difference between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas

A

Cystadenomass affect pre-menopausal women while cystadenocarcinomas affect post-menopausal women

81
Q

In terms of the age group affected, what is the main difference between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas

A

Cystadenomass affect pre-menopausal women while cystadenocarcinomas affect post-menopausal women

81
Q

Cystadenomas most commonly arise in which age group

A

Premenopausal women (30-40)

81
Q

Describe the structure of benign mucous/serous tumours of the ovary aka (cystadenomas)

A

single cyst with a simple flat lining

81
Q

Cystadenomas most commonly arise in which age group

A

Premenopausal women (30-40)

81
Q

Describe the structure of benign mucous/serous tumours of the ovary aka (cystadenomas)

A

single cyst with a simple flat lining

81
Q

In terms of the age group affected, what is the main difference between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas

A

Cystadenomass affect pre-menopausal women while cystadenocarcinomas affect post-menopausal women

82
Q

Describe the structure of benign mucous/serous tumours of the ovary aka (cystadenomas)

A

single cyst with a simple flat lining

83
Q

Cystadenomas most commonly arise in which age group

A

Premenopausal women (30-40)

84
Q

In terms of the age group affected, what is the main difference between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas

A

Cystadenomass affect pre-menopausal women while cystadenocarcinomas affect post-menopausal women

85
Q

Sertoli-Leydig Tumours of the ovarary are often associated with what clinical presentation

A

Hirsuitism
Virilization

As a result of angrogen production

86
Q

Describe the structure of benign mucous/serous tumours of the ovary aka (cystadenomas)

A

single cyst with a simple flat lining

86
Q

WHat is the 2nd most common type of ovarian tumour

A

Germ Cell Tumour

86
Q

Sertoli-Leydig Tumours of the ovarary are often associated with what clinical presentation

A

Hirsuitism
Virilization

As a result of angrogen production

86
Q

In terms of the age group affected, what is the main difference between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas

A

Cystadenomass affect pre-menopausal women while cystadenocarcinomas affect post-menopausal women

86
Q

Cystadenomas most commonly arise in which age group

A

Premenopausal women (30-40)

87
Q

Describe the structure of benign mucous/serous tumours of the ovary aka (cystadenomas)

A

single cyst with a simple flat lining

88
Q

Cystadenomas most commonly arise in which age group

A

Premenopausal women (30-40)

89
Q

In terms of the age group affected, what is the main difference between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas

A

Cystadenomass affect pre-menopausal women while cystadenocarcinomas affect post-menopausal women

90
Q

Sertoli-Leydig Tumours of the ovarary are often associated with what clinical presentation

A

Hirsuitism
Virilization

As a result of angrogen production

91
Q

WHat is the 2nd most common type of ovarian tumour

A

Germ Cell Tumour

92
Q

Cystadenomas most commonly arise in which age group

A

Premenopausal women (30-40)

92
Q

Describe the structure of benign mucous/serous tumours of the ovary aka (cystadenomas)

A

single cyst with a simple flat lining

92
Q

In terms of the age group affected, what is the main difference between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas

A

Cystadenomass affect pre-menopausal women while cystadenocarcinomas affect post-menopausal women

92
Q

WHat is the 2nd most common type of ovarian tumour

A

Germ Cell Tumour

93
Q

Sertoli-Leydig Tumours of the ovarary are often associated with what clinical presentation

A

Hirsuitism
Virilization

As a result of angrogen production

94
Q

Sertoli-Leydig Tumours of the ovarary are often associated with what clinical presentation

A

Hirsuitism
Virilization

As a result of angrogen production

94
Q

WHat is the 2nd most common type of ovarian tumour

A

Germ Cell Tumour

94
Q

Cystadenomas most commonly arise in which age group

A

Premenopausal women (30-40)

94
Q

Describe the structure of benign mucous/serous tumours of the ovary aka (cystadenomas)

A

single cyst with a simple flat lining

94
Q

A patient with a choriocarcinoma may test positive for which test

A

hCG

94
Q

In terms of the age group affected, what is the main difference between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas

A

Cystadenomass affect pre-menopausal women while cystadenocarcinomas affect post-menopausal women

Urogenital System (17 decks)

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