Flashcards in 16. Tumour Classification Deck (39):
1
how are tumours broadly classified?
benign/malignant
primary/secondary
histogenic origin
2
why do tumours need to be classified?
they behave differently
different prognosis and treatment
3
according to histogenic classification, which tumours are common?
epithelium
mesenchymal
melanocytes
blood and related cells
CNS tumours
4
according to histogenic classification, which tumours are less common?
germ cell tumour
embryonal tumours
others
5
what are the 2 types of epithelial tumours (and their normal function)?
1. surface epithelia - protection
2. glandular epithelia - glands and ducts for secretion
6
what is the suffix for benign epithelial tumours?
-oma
7
what are surface epithelial tumours called?
papilloma
8
what are glandular epithelial tumours called?
adenoma
9
what other information is required to further identify a tumour?
the cell type of origin (if surface epithelium)
the glandular tissue of origin (if glandular epithelium)
10
what are malignant surface epithelial tumours called?
carcinomas
11
how are malignant epithelial tumours named?
(cell of origin) carcinoma
eg. squamous cell carcinoma
special reference made to the degree of differentiation
12
what are malignant epithelial tumours derived from glandular epithelium called?
adenocarcinoma
13
what is the suffix for benign mesenchymal tumours?
oma (preceded by tissue or cell of origin)
14
what is a benign tumour of the smooth muscle called?
leiomyoma
15
what is a benign tumour of skeletal muscle called?
rhabdomyoma
16
what is a benign tumour of adipose tissue called?
lipoma
17
what is a benign tumour of blood vessels called?
angioma
18
what is a benign tumour of bone called?
osteoma
19
what is a benign tumour of cartilage called?
chondroma
20
what is a benign tumour of fibrous tissue called?
fibroma
21
what are malignant mesenchymal tumours called?
sarcomas
preceded by the cell to tissue of origin
22
what is a malignant tumour of smooth muscle called?
leiomyosarcoma
23
what is a malignant tumour of skeletal muscle called?
rhabdomyosarcoma
24
what is a malignant tumour of adipose tissue called?
liposarcoma
25
what is a malignant tumour of blood vessels called?
angiosarcoma
26
what is a malignant tumour of bone called?
osteosarcoma
27
what is a malignant tumour of cartilage called?
chondrosarcoma
28
what is a malignant tumour of fibrous tissue called?
fibrosarcoma
29
what is a benign tumour of melanocytes called?
menocytic nevus
30
what is a malignant tumour of melanocytes called?
melanoma
31
what are malignant tumours of blood cells called?
leukaemia - white cells
lymphoma - lymphocytes
myeloma - plasma cells
32
what are the different types of CNS tumours?
meningioma
astrocytoma
oligodendroglioma
ependymoma
medulloblastoma
33
where do germ cell tumours commonly arise from?
gonads. tumour of the germ cells
34
what are the classes of germ cell tumours?
seminomatous tumours
eg. seminoma
non-seminomatous tumours (eg. teratoma-teeth, hair, muscle,neural, cartilage)
35
in which patients can embryonal tumours bee seen?
under 5 years
histological resemblance to the embryonic form of the organ from which they arise
36
examples of embryonal tumours
retinoblastoma
nephroblastoma
neuroblastoma
hepatoblastoma
37
examples of malignant tumours with benign names
melanoma
mesothelioma
myeloma
lymphoma
38
what is a hamartoma?
a non-neoplastic overgrowth of normal tissue, indigenous to the site of occurrence. results in developmental abnormalities
39