16. Tumour Classification

Question 1

how are tumours broadly classified?

Answer 1

benign/malignant
primary/secondary
histogenic origin

Question 2

why do tumours need to be classified?

Answer 2

they behave differently

different prognosis and treatment

Question 3

according to histogenic classification, which tumours are common?

Answer 3

epithelium
mesenchymal
melanocytes
blood and related cells
CNS tumours

Question 4

according to histogenic classification, which tumours are less common?

Answer 4

germ cell tumour
embryonal tumours
others

Question 5

what are the 2 types of epithelial tumours (and their normal function)?

Answer 5

1. surface epithelia - protection

2. glandular epithelia - glands and ducts for secretion

Question 6

what is the suffix for benign epithelial tumours?

Answer 6

-oma

Question 7

what are surface epithelial tumours called?

Answer 7

papilloma

Question 8

what are glandular epithelial tumours called?

Answer 8

adenoma

Question 9

what other information is required to further identify a tumour?

Answer 9

the cell type of origin (if surface epithelium)

the glandular tissue of origin (if glandular epithelium)

Question 10

what are malignant surface epithelial tumours called?

Answer 10

carcinomas

Question 11

how are malignant epithelial tumours named?

Answer 11

(cell of origin) carcinoma
eg. squamous cell carcinoma
special reference made to the degree of differentiation

Question 12

what are malignant epithelial tumours derived from glandular epithelium called?

Answer 12

adenocarcinoma

Question 13

what is the suffix for benign mesenchymal tumours?

Answer 13

oma (preceded by tissue or cell of origin)

Question 14

what is a benign tumour of the smooth muscle called?

Answer 14

leiomyoma

Question 15

what is a benign tumour of skeletal muscle called?

Answer 15

rhabdomyoma

Question 16

what is a benign tumour of adipose tissue called?

Answer 16

lipoma

Question 17

what is a benign tumour of blood vessels called?

Answer 17

angioma

Question 18

what is a benign tumour of bone called?

Answer 18

osteoma

Question 19

what is a benign tumour of cartilage called?

Answer 19

chondroma

Question 20

what is a benign tumour of fibrous tissue called?

Answer 20

fibroma

Question 21

what are malignant mesenchymal tumours called?

Answer 21

sarcomas

preceded by the cell to tissue of origin

Question 22

what is a malignant tumour of smooth muscle called?

Answer 22

leiomyosarcoma

Question 23

what is a malignant tumour of skeletal muscle called?

Answer 23

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 24

what is a malignant tumour of adipose tissue called?

Answer 24

liposarcoma

Question 25

what is a malignant tumour of blood vessels called?

Answer 25

angiosarcoma

Question 26

what is a malignant tumour of bone called?

Answer 26

osteosarcoma

Question 27

what is a malignant tumour of cartilage called?

Answer 27

chondrosarcoma

Question 28

what is a malignant tumour of fibrous tissue called?

Answer 28

fibrosarcoma

Question 29

what is a benign tumour of melanocytes called?

Answer 29

menocytic nevus

Question 30

what is a malignant tumour of melanocytes called?

Answer 30

melanoma

Question 31

what are malignant tumours of blood cells called?

Answer 31

leukaemia - white cells lymphoma - lymphocytes myeloma - plasma cells

Question 32

what are the different types of CNS tumours?

Answer 32

``` meningioma astrocytoma oligodendroglioma ependymoma medulloblastoma ```

Question 33

where do germ cell tumours commonly arise from?

Answer 33

gonads. tumour of the germ cells

Question 34

what are the classes of germ cell tumours?

Answer 34

seminomatous tumours eg. seminoma non-seminomatous tumours (eg. teratoma-teeth, hair, muscle,neural, cartilage)

Question 35

in which patients can embryonal tumours bee seen?

Answer 35

under 5 years | histological resemblance to the embryonic form of the organ from which they arise

Question 36

examples of embryonal tumours

Answer 36

retinoblastoma nephroblastoma neuroblastoma hepatoblastoma

Question 37

examples of malignant tumours with benign names

Answer 37

melanoma mesothelioma myeloma lymphoma

Question 38

what is a hamartoma?

Answer 38

a non-neoplastic overgrowth of normal tissue, indigenous to the site of occurrence. results in developmental abnormalities

Question 39

what is a choristoma (heterotrophic rest)?

Answer 39

nodules of organ parenchyma in another organ