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MTAP 1 > Chemistry week 3 exam > Flashcards

Chemistry week 3 exam Flashcards

1
Q

Extracellular fluid is 2/3 of the total body water. Intracellular fluid, on the other hand comprises around 1/3 of the total body water

A

Both incorrect

Intra is 2/3 extra is 1/3

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2
Q

Deficiency of ___ can cause 10-20 liters of water to be excreted daily

A

Vasopressin and ADH

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3
Q

Compute for osmolality: Na:142 mmol/L, Glucose 98 mg/dL BUN 25mg/dL

A

297.33

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4
Q

Convers angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

A

Renin

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5
Q

Angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

A

ACE

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6
Q

Anion gap: Na- 125 CL - 100 HCO3 - 23

A

2 mEq/L

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7
Q

Increase anion gap
Ketoacidosis
Multiple myeloma
Sever dehydration
Hyperlipidemia

A

Keto acidosis and severe dehydration

Dec anion gap is multiple myeloma and protein and instrument error

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8
Q

True about sodium except:
I. Major anion in the extracellular fluid
II. Principal osmotic particle outside cell
III. For ever 100mg/dL increase in glucose, Na increase by 1.6mmol/L
IV. Retention is regulated by aldosterone

A

I and III

Major cation in the extracellular fluid dapat
and for every 100mg/dL increase in glucose, Na is DECREASED by 1.6 mmol/L

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9
Q

Marked hemolysis may cause

A

False decreased sodium level

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10
Q

Reference value for potassium

A

3.5 - 5.2 mmol/L

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11
Q

Preferred sample for potassium determination

A

Plasma collected in a heparin tube

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12
Q

Most commonly used method for chloride determination

A

ISE

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13
Q

Electrolyte which is present almost exclusively in plasma that plays a vital role in blood COAGULATION, EXCITABILITY of skeletal and cardiac muscles

A

Calcium

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14
Q

Serum calcium is regulated by

A

PTH and VIT D

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15
Q

Electrolyte that requires a fasting sample

A

iPO4 (Phosphate)

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16
Q

Magnesium loss leads to decreased intracellular ____ levels

A

Potassium

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17
Q

Most of the carbon dioxide combines with water to form

A

H2CO3

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18
Q

Proportion of H2CO3 (carbonic acid) and HCO3 (bicarbonate)

A

1:20

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19
Q

Rapid or fast elimination of CO2 results to decrease H ion concentration

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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20
Q

Blood buffers
HCO3 and H2CO3
PLASMA PROTEINS
Hb
iPO4

A

All of the choices

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21
Q

Compute for blood pH Hc03 - 22 pCO2- 47

A

7.29

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22
Q

A pO2 of 45 mmHg is an indication of

A

Moderate hypoxemia

<40 severe hypoxemia
41-60 moderate hypoxemia
61-85 mild hypoxemia

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23
Q

Correct matches:
pO2- glass electrode
pH - Clark electrode
pCO2 -severinghaus electrode

A

pCO2 is correct

pH = glass electrode
pO2 - Clarke electrode

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24
Q

Intoxication of this trace element causes Mee’s lines in the fingernails due to keratin binding

A

Arsenic

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25
Q

Used to determine occurrence of lead poisoning

A

urinary ALA levels

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26
Q

Trace elements that may be present in certain fish species

A

Mercury

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27
Q

Deficiency of this trace element is characterized by glucose intolerance, glycosuria, hypercholesterolemia, decreased longevity, decreased sperm counts, and impaired fertility

A

Chromium

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28
Q

Copper toxicity is associated with
A. wilson’s disease
B. Menke’s disease
C. Parkinson’s disease
D. Keshan’s disease

A

A. Wilson’s disease

Menke’s disease - Copper deficiency
Parkinson’s disease - Manganese toxicity
Keshan’s - Selenium deficiency

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29
Q

Associated with selenium deficiency
A. wilson’s disease
B. Menke’s disease
C. Parkinson’s disease
D. Keshan’s disease

A

Keshan’s disease

Menke’s disease - Copper deficiency
Parkinson’s disease - Manganese toxicity
Wilson’s disease - copper toxicity

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30
Q

Most abundant trace element in the human body

A

Copper

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31
Q

Identify which part of the pituitary gland produces and or stored and releases the following hormone

a. Growth Hormone –
b. Oxytocin –
c. ADH –
d. Prolactin –

A

a. Growth Hormone – Anterior PG
b. Oxytocin – Posterior PG
c. ADH – Posterior PG
d. Prolactin – Anterior PG

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32
Q

The posterior pituitary gland is the largest portion of the pituitary gland. It is responsible for the storage and release of ADH

A

1st incorrect, 2nd correct

Ang pinaka malaki is anterior pituitary gland

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33
Q

Prolactin is also known as luteinizing hormone, this hormone controls the initiation and maintenance of lactation

A

1st incorrect, 2nd correct

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34
Q

All of the ff increases during stress, except:
a. ACTH
b. Cortisol
c. Prolactin
d. Pitocin

A

D. Pitocin

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35
Q

It measures the binding sites of TBG and the quantity of hormones attached to TBG

A

Thyroid uptake test

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36
Q

In hypothyroidism, what is expected level of t4, fti, and thyroid uptake

A

decrease,decreased,decreased

37
Q

The following statements are correct regarding acromegaly except:

a. patients with acromegaly have low
levels of somatomedin
b. oral glucose tolerance test is used to
diagnose acromegaly
c. most patients with acromegaly have
increased fasting growth hormone
level
d. hyperglycemia is secondary to
acromegaly

A

a. patients with acromegaly have low
levels of somatomedin

38
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding catecholamines

a. they may be excreted in urine as free
hormone
b. plasma levels do not contribute to the
diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
c. they are derived from tryptophan
d. they are produced by the zone
fasciculata of the adrenal gland

A

a. they may be excreted in urine as free
hormone

39
Q

In primary hypogonadism, the plasma levels of testosterone and FSH are:

A

Testosterone - decrease, FSH - increase

Secondary = testosterone - decrease, FSH - decrease

40
Q

Which of the following is secreted by the placenta and is used for the early detection of pregnancy

A

hCG

41
Q

Elevated prolactin levels is/are seen in
i. Galactorrhea
ii. Pituitary adenoma
iii. Amenorrhea
iv. Stress

A

All of the above

42
Q

Steroid that is an adrenal cortical hormone
i. Angiotensinogen
ii. Aldosterone
iii. Epinephrine
iv. Growth hormones

A

Aldosterone

43
Q

The urinary excretion product measured as an indicator of epinephrine production

A

Vanillylmandelic acid

Dopamine - Homovanillic acid

44
Q

Which of the following test has the greatest sensitivity and specificity for screening adrenal cortical hyperfunction

A

24 hour urine free cortisol

45
Q

A female with severe excessive pubic and facial hair growth should be tested for which of the following hormones

A

Testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

46
Q

How is primary hypocortisolism differentiated from secondary hypocortisolism

A

ACTH is elevated in primary and decreased in secondary

47
Q

Abnormal increase in catecholamines in plasma is seen in

A

Pheochromocytoma

48
Q

Correct matches
Polyuria -deficient ADH production
Addison’s disease - Secondary (ACTH)
hypersecretion
Amenorrhea - hypersecretion of Prolactin
Gigantism - hypersecretion of GH during
childhood

A

3 of the choices

Addison’s = hyposecretion

49
Q

Selenium (A)

A

Keshan

50
Q

Asymptomatic w/ normal t3, t4 level but subnormal tsh lvl

A

Subclinical hyperthyroidism

51
Q

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s) (A)

A

Hypokalemia (hypocortisolism)

52
Q

Acts on adrenal gland to stimulate release of aldosterone

A

Angiotensin II

53
Q

Organ that releases renin

A

Kidney

54
Q

Normal plasma is composed of

A

93% water while only 7% consists of dissolved substances

55
Q

Electrolytes that correlates w/ plasma osmolality

A

Sodium

56
Q

Def of vasopressin leads to

A

Diabetes insipidus

57
Q

All serum sodium abnormalities must be followed up with

A

analysis of urine

58
Q

All common cause of hyponatremia except

A

Nephrotic syndrome (hyper)

59
Q

Most common cause of pseudohyponatremia

A

In vitro hemoylsis

60
Q

Method for sodium determination

A

ISE AAS FES Colorimetric

61
Q

Colorimetric

A

Albanese lein - sodium
Lockhead and purcell - potassium
Cotlove chloridometer - chloride

62
Q

Probable cause of hyperkalemia

A

Prolonged tourniquet
Thrombocytosis
Sample hemolysis
X on ice

63
Q

All result hypochloremia except
Prolonged vomiting
Aldosterone
Metabolic acidosis
Salt losing nephritis

A

Metabolic acidosis = alkalosis dapat

64
Q

Ca sensitive and specific marker for calcium disorder

A

Ionized calcium

65
Q

Promotes urinary excretion of calcium

A

Calcitonin

66
Q

Sample for calcium analysis

A

Serum

67
Q

Calcium determination

A

AAS

68
Q

Vit deficiency

A

Serum calcium decrease
phosphate value decrease

69
Q

Fiske subbarow method

A

iPO4

70
Q

True about inorganic phosphate

A

Fasting is required

71
Q

Mg determination

A

Calmagnite

72
Q

Arterial puncture

A

45-60 degree

73
Q

iPO4

A

Increase renal excretion
Aldosterone
Thyroxine

74
Q

Blood gases parameters measured

A

pH, pO2, pCO2, HCO3

75
Q

All buffer system are regulated by

A

Lungs and kidney

76
Q

Normal pH level

A

7.35-7.45

77
Q

Bicarbonate: carbonic acid ratio

A

20:1

78
Q

Conjugate base

A

Bicarbonate

79
Q

23 mmHG

A

Severe hypoxemia

80
Q

Px w/ primary hypothyroidism

A

Dec t3 and t4, dec tbg, inc tsh

81
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Inc metabolic rate
Tachycardia
weight loss
Heart intolerance

82
Q

Secondary hypothyroidism

A

Low t3 t4 and TSH

83
Q

Phosphorus is expressed in

A

mg/dL

84
Q

Electrolyte with negligible value in anion gap

A

Potassium

85
Q

Sweat chloride test is done to diagnose

A

Mucoviscidosis / cystic fibrosis

86
Q

Increased anion gap

A

Uremia

87
Q

Diarrhea leading to bicarbonate loss will cause

A

Metabolic acidosis

88
Q

Measures the TBG sites of binding

A

Thyroid uptake test

89
Q

Conjugate base - h2co3
weak acid - hco3

A

Both incorrect

MTAP 1 (22 decks)

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