1629-49: FOREIGN POLICY

Question 1

line of arg

Answer 1

Charles’ interaction with Scot/Ire just exacerbated conflict even more

Question 2

Scotland

Answer 2

• Prayer Book Rebellion– 1637
• National Covenant– 1638
  Both are examples of how Charles’ involvement in trying to control these nations created more opposition for himself- led to Bishops Wars:
  –> First Bishops War 1639- failed bc Charles realised the power of Scots army led by Alexander Leslie, ended w/ treaty of Berwick- LED TO SHORT PARL
  –> Second Bishops War 1640- ended quickly by Charles due to strong progression of Covenanters– ended w/ treaty of Ripon, oct 1640- pay Scots £850 a day till settlement reached– LED TO LONG PARL (bc of financial issues bc of SBW, which created even more opposition to Charles)
• covenanters alliance with English parliament in 1643 (The Solemn League and Covenant) –> Parl swore to uphold Prebyt in Scotland in return for 22,000 troops= enabled Parl forces to defeat king at Battle of Marston Moor July 1644
  –> note there was some royalist support in scotland- earl of montrose- but wasn’t v effective
• Engagement with the Scots, dec 1647- showed parl that Charles really cannot be trusted, bc he signed this alliance whilst negotiating the 4 bills

Question 3

Ireland

Answer 3

• Irish rebellion, oct 1641- although Charles was put at the front of a catholic conspiracy by a forged royal commission, this still firmed catholic conspiracies, as a result of his previous actions– e.g. sending Wenthworth over to Ireland to est control. all wentworth did was (although helping financially with 10 subsidies from Irish Parl) make opposition- Irish felt he was a tool to est royal absolutism and control, also bc Wentworth’s religious policy contradicted against James Usher’s (Irish leading priest)
• CW base began in Ireland after Irish Rebellion. A ceasefire in Sept 1643 led to 4,000 Irish troops sent to support Charles
  –> BUT this propelled the agreement of Solemn League of Covenant (which helped Parl)
  –> BUT lead to fears of Catholicism bc if Charles won the war, he would be indebted to Catholicism– Parl used this as propaganda to support their cause: that Charles wanted to est both Catholicism and Absolutism
• BUT success in Ireland: sept 1649: siege of Drohega (killed 3,500)
  oct 1649: siege of Wexford (killed 1000)?