1640-60 FOREIGN POLICY

Question 1

LINE of arg

Question 2

Scotland

Answer 2

1. Bishops Wars led to financial depletment (esp after Treaty of Ripon) and led to calling of Short + later, Long Parl = conflict.ALSO BWs definitiely was an onset to CW
2. covenanters alliance with English parliament in 1643 (The Solemn League and Covenant) –> Parl swore to uphold Prebyt in Scotland in return for 22,000 troops= enabled Parl forces to defeat king at Battle of Marston Moor July 1644
   –> note there was some royalist support in scotland- earl of montrose- but wasn’t v effective

Question 3

Ireland

Answer 3

1. Irish Rebellion- put Charles at the front of a catholic conspiracy and led to him loosing control of the army under Military Ordinance 1642.
2. CW base began in Ireland after Irish Rebellion. A ceasefire in Sept 1643 led to 4,000 Irish troops sent to support Charles
   –> BUT this propelled the agreement of Solemn League of Covenant (which helped Parl)
   –> BUT lead to fears of Catholicism bc if Charles won the war, he would be indebted to Catholicism– Parl used this as propaganda to support their cause: that Charles wanted to est both Catholicism and Absolutism

Question 4

1660s

Answer 4

1. Dunkirk sold to France for £400,000 – good money but this was the final English possession since the Hundred Years War- controversial – it was seen as a valuable asset in terms of its strategic location (ChII decision, Cl got the blame).
2. Second Anglo-Dutch war: 1665-67: defeat came at a high financial (+psych.) cost—due to Charles’ fears of revolt he organised peace w/ Dutch, but this meant they secured a worldwide monopoly on nutmeg and the right to ship German goods to England (ChII to blame, but Cl got the blame)

Question 5

1670

Answer 5

1. Tension created in the secret clause in Treaty of Dover, 1670: Charles promised to declare himself a catholic (+VE: in return for £225,000 per year from Louis)- had the potential to create a rebellion against the crown + seemed like Charles was trying to eliminate the necessity to call Parl for money- opening possibility for absolute monarchy (ChII to blame)

Question 6

success in Ireland

Answer 6

• Siege of Drohega (sept ‘49)- 3,500 killed
• siege of Wexford (oct ‘49)- 1,500 Irish troops defeated

Question 7

success in Scotland

Answer 7

• Battle of Dunbar (sept ‘50)- 11,000 vs Scots 22,000 but still won
• Battle of Worcester (sept ‘51) - 3,000 royalist died, only 200 parl