Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HOS Unit 4 > #17 Pancreas and salivary glands > Flashcards

#17 Pancreas and salivary glands Flashcards

1
Q

what is one major function of the duct epithelial cells in the pancreas?

A
  • modify electrolyte content

- secrete fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which two things stimulate pancreatic protein secretion?

A

CCK, gastin, and ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what function does secretin have on the pancreas?

A

increase release of HCO3 from the pancreatic ductular cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 phases of pancreatic secretion?

A

cephalic
gastric
intestinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are proteases secreted from the pancreas?

A

as zymogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what activates trysinogen?

A

enterokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do salivary acini glands make?

A

either alpha amylase or mucin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F Salivary and pancreatic glands have a compound (branching) structure?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a lobule?

A

small spherical clusters of acini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

About how many acinar cells are there in each lobule?

A

15-100 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The central lumen of the acini leads into what?

A

intercalated (intralobular) duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the intercalated duct lead into?

A

non-striated (intralobular) duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the full duct pathway of the pancreas?

A 
lumen of acini
intercalated duct
nonstriated (intralobar) duct
interlobar duct
main pancreatic duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do acinar cells secrete?

A

fluid
electrolytes
proteins
(note: in the pancreas these are mainly digestive enzymes, but in the salivatory glands these are amylase and mucin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F ductal epithelial cells secrete proteins and fluid?

A

False

They do secrete fluid and electrolytes, but not protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are there goblet cells in the pancreas?

A

Yes in the pancreatic duct.

note they are also found in the salivatory ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the function of goblet cells in the pancreas and salivatory glands?

A

lubrication
protection
trapping antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the route of proteins moving through a pancreatic acinar cell?

A

1) rough ER
2) Golgi complex
3) condensing vacuoles
4) zymogen secretory granules
5) exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the two major receptor that regulate protein secretion of the pancreatic acinar cell?

A

1) muscarinic ACh receptor

2) CCK receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do CCK receptors bind?

A

1) CCK

2) gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the major intracellular second messenger for pancreatic protein secretion?

A

Ca+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe the simplified pathway that results in zymogen release from the pancreatic acinar cells?

A

1) CCK or ACh receptor activation
2) activation of G protein (G-alpha)
3) This activates phospholipase C and protein kinase C
4) Causes the release of Ca+
5) Activation of protein kinases and phosphatases, because of Ca+ release, leading to exocytosis of zymogens.

23
Q

what do acinar cells of the pancreas produce?

A

sodium rich fluid similar to plasma.

24
Q

What facilitates acinar cell fluid secretion?

A

active chloride secretion.

with this there is passive movement of sodium and water

25
Q

what are 2 potent stimulators of Cl- secretion?

A

CCK and ACh

26
Q

what is the major function of the pancreatic duct cells?

A

secretion of bicarbonate rich fluid.

27
Q

what is the most potent stimulator for secretion of bicarb into the lumen of the duct?

A

secretin

28
Q

what is the main function of the CFTR transporter?

A

It is used to transport Cl- from the cell’s cytoplasm into the pancreatic duct. Once in the duct, the Cl- is antiported against bicarb allowing Cl- to once again enter the cell and allowing bicarb to end up in the pancreatic duct.

29
Q

what combines to form HCO3-?

A

CO2 + H2O —->H2CO3——>HCO3 + H+

This reaction is catalyzed be C.A.

30
Q

which two channels are major regulatory targets for HCO3- secretion?

A

1) CFTR

2) Cl- rectifier channel

31
Q

T/F CFTR is normally active?

A

False, it is usually in the closed (inactive) state.

32
Q

After the CFTR receptor is bound by PKA, the ATP sites are now exposed. What happens when one ATP binds to the CFTR receptor? What about 2 ATP?

A

1) flickering of periodic opening

2) With 2 ATP bound, it causes the channel to remain locked open.

33
Q

What causes the ORCC channel to open?

A

cAMP and Ca+

34
Q

What is produced in the pancreas and is packaged along with trypsinogen in secretory granules that limits the possibility of premature activation of trypsin?

A

Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.

35
Q

The pancrease releases enzymes to break down which structures?

A

1) carbohydrates (amylase)
2) nucleotides (nuclease)
3) lipids (lipase and colipase)
4) proteins (Peptidase)

36
Q

What does lithostatine do?

A

helps prevent stone formation

37
Q

what does pancreatitis associated protein do?

A

its bacteriostatic (prevents bacterial growth)

38
Q

What causes the release of CCK? Which cells?

A

Lipids in the duodenum from the I cells.

39
Q

What does CCK do?

A

works directly on CCK receptor to promote granule release, and indirectly on the parasympathetic NS.

40
Q

What releases secretin? What stimulates this?

A

duodenal S cells.

Results from acid in the lumen.

41
Q

What are the three phases of pancreatic secretion, and their basic components?

A

1) cephalic phase (sight, smell, taste increases vagal pathways in increases pancreatic secretions up to 50%.
2) Gastric phase (Gastrin from stomach stimulates CCK receptor in pancreas)
3) Intestinal phase (Gastric acid in duodenum stimulates secretin release, and Fats stimulate CCK release)

42
Q

where are alpha amylase producing cells located?

A

in the parotid gland

43
Q

T/F the sublingual glands have mucin producing acinar cells?

A

True (Bottom of page 7)

44
Q

T/F The submandibular glands contain a mixture of mucous producing acini cells and amylase producing acini cells?

A

True

45
Q

What is the major second messenger in pancreatic acinar cells?

A

Ca+

46
Q

What other ion is heavily secreted with HCO3 in pancreatic duct cells? how does this differ from the salivatory ducts?

A

1) Na+

2) In the salivatory ducts the Na+ is reabsorbed.

47
Q

90% of the saliva comes from 3 places which are?

A

1) parotid gland
2) submandibular
3) sublingual gland

48
Q

How much saliva is produced in one day?

A

1.5 liters

49
Q

what is serous saliva?

A

watery saliva with alpha amylase and proline rich proteins.

50
Q

what produces this serous (watery) saliva?

A

the parotid gland

51
Q

what is the function of Proline rich proteins?

A

antimicrobial
lubrication
epithelial protection

52
Q

Which glands produce the seromucous saliva?

A

sub mandibular and sub lingual glands.

53
Q

what are the 4 major functions of saliva?

A

1) lubrication for chewing and swallowing
2) prevent dehydration of oral mucosa
3) Maintain oral hygiene killing bacteria
4) digestion of starches and lipids

HOS Unit 4 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions