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HOS Unit 4 > 3 Kidney Tubule > Flashcards

3 Kidney Tubule Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells in the collecting duct play an important role in Na+ reabsorption?

A

Principal cells

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2
Q

Which cells in the collecting duct play an important role in regulating acid/base balance?

A

Intercalated cells

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3
Q

What are the two steps of reabsorption in the kidney tubule?

A

1) Substances are actively or passively extracted from tubular fluid into interstitium
2) Substances are transported from the interstitium into the blood stream

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4
Q

Does secretion occur primarily due to active or passive transport?

A

Active transport

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5
Q

Secretion plays a major role in regulating balance of what?

A

K+ levels and acid/base balance

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6
Q

What is the average amount of fluid filtered daily? Excreted daily?

A

180 liters filtered per day, 1-2 liters excreted per day

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7
Q

What solute transporter is common to all tubule cells?

A

Na+/K+ ATPase

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8
Q

Where is the Na+/K+ ATPase located in the cell, and what is its primary function?

A

Basolateral membrane; establishes electric charge gradient

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9
Q

Is transport in the distal nephron primarily transcellular, or paracellular?

A

Transcellular due to the presence of tight junctions

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10
Q

Name some examples of Na+ reabsorption transporters.

A

1) Na+ glucose cotransporter
2) Na+ H+ exchanger
3) Na+ phosphate cotransporter
4) Na+ lactate cotransporter
5) Na+ calcium exchanger

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11
Q

Which cells in the collecting duct play an important role in regulating acid/base balance?

A

Intercalated cells

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12
Q

Is transport in the PCT primarily transcellular or paracellular?

A

Paracellular

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13
Q

In which segment of the nephron does iso-osmotic reabsorption of solutes and water occur?

A

PCT

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14
Q

What is obligatory water movement?

A

The movement of water following ions into the interstitial space between tubule and capillary

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15
Q

What is Solvent drag?

A

The movement of solutes from the tubular lumen into the interstitium following water

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16
Q

What are the four primary functions of tubular secretion?

A

1) Movement of drugs into the urine
2) Movement of excess urea and uric acid into the urine
3) Removal of excess K+ from blood
4) Regulation of pH (via H+ ion removal)

17
Q

What main transport proteins are responsible for K+ secretion?

A

K+ channels and K+/Cl- cotransporter

18
Q

T/F: Urine is concentrated in the PCT

A

F: 67% of filtrate is reabsorbed iso-osmotically; neither concentration nor dilution of urine occurs in the PCT

19
Q

In which section of the nephron is the majority of Na+, HCO3-, amino acids, and glucose reabsorbed?

A

PCT

20
Q

Which segment of the nephron, known as the diluting segment, is very permeable to solutes and relatively impermeable to water?

A

Thick ascending limb

21
Q

Which ion transporter is inhibited by the loop diuretic furosemide, and where is it located?

A

Na+/K+/2Cl- symporter, apical membrane of thick ascending limb

22
Q

Which segment of the nephron is freely permeable to water and relatively impermeable to solutes?

A

Descending limb

23
Q

What percentage of solutes is reabsorbed in the TAL?

A

25%

24
Q

Where is urine concentrated in the nephron?

A

Late segment of DCT and Collecting duct

25
Q

Which ion transporter is inhibited by the thiazide diuretics, and where is it located?

A

Na+/Cl- symporter; initial segment of DCT

26
Q

What are the functions of Principal cells in the collecting duct?

A

1) Reabsorb Na+
2) Secrete K+
3) Reabsorb water in presence of ADH

27
Q

What are the functions of Intercalated cells in the collecting duct?

A

1) Secrete H+

2) Generate new HCO3- for acid base balance

28
Q

T/F: Reabsorption of glomerular filtrate in the PCT is independent of neural and hormonal control.

A

T: A set percentage of filtrate is reabsorbed, rather than a specific amount of water or solutes

29
Q

What is the effect of dopamine on tubular transport?

A

It is a natriuretic; enhances Na+ excretion

30
Q

What is the effect of ADH on the Loop of Henle?

A

Stimulation of Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter and K+ channels in TAL

31
Q

What is the effect of aldosterone on the cortical collecting tubules?

A

Stimulation of Na+ reabsorption

32
Q

What is the effect of ADH on the cortical collecting tubules?

A

Stimulation of open water channels in the apical membrane

33
Q

What is the effect of ANP on the cortical collecting tubules?

A

Inhibition of Na+ transport in the collecting duct

HOS Unit 4 (18 decks)

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