The Heart

Question 1

Asthma Relievers

Answer 1

Salbutamol (ventolin) short acting
Terbutaline (short acting)
Salmeretol (long acting)
Theophyline (long acting)
B2 agonists - widen the airways B2 agonist - increase HR- Decreace calcium - hypokalaemia
Oral Predisolone - for severe attacks - high dose of inhaled steroids. Steroids supress the immune system and release anti inflammatory medications
Dangerous to stop therapy immediately

Ipatropium - antimuscularinic Bronchodilator
short acting reliever - used alongside high dose glucocorticoids (steroids) Block M receptors which inhibit bronchoconstriction.
Causes dry mouth

Cromones - sodium cromogilate /nedocromul sodium - inhibit inflammation of mast cells and prevent bronchospasm. Reduce allergy responses before and after exercise.

Theophylline - Persistant and severe asthma - used with other drugs. Blocks PDE enzyme and causes muscle to relax. Narrow therapeutic window and side effects - palpitations/HR

Question 2

Asthma Preventers

Answer 2

Beclometasome
Sodium Cromgilate
Montelukast

Anti inflammatory steroids 
Beclometasone 
Brasonide
Memetasone
Ciclesonide  - relief after 7 days 
- anti inflammatory - stop response to allergens 

Side effects - nervous tension and tremors

Question 3

Asthma combination inhalers

Answer 3

Symbicot
SMART
fluticasone - sameterol
Side effects of steroids are thrush and hoarseness
Omalizamab - antibody - every 2-4 weeks. used for severe allergic asthma not controlled by anything else. Bruising at injection site.

Question 4

Drugs for Dysrhythmias

Answer 4

Supraventricular origin - adenosine, verapramil

Drugs for either supraventricular or ventricular - propraolol, quinidine amidarone, flucanide.

Drugs for Ventricular - lidocaine

Question 5

Heart Drugs Digoxin

Answer 5

patients in sinus rhythym with atrial fibrillation. Improves rhythum buy does not improve mortality

Increaces Ca2 in stores molecular mechanism
increaces contraction without O2 consumption.

Question 6

The Heart

Answer 6

Glyceryl trinitrate / Propranolol
Reduces workload and oxygen demand
Improves blood flow through the arteries
Reduces pain
Tissue plasminogen activator - works in hours
angioplasty

Question 7

Angina Treatments - Heart

Answer 7

Glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) reduces cardiac workload, dilates blood vessels, heart does not have to work as hard and less blood required 
GTN - widens artery and dilates collaterol vessel. 

Atenolol - Beta Blocker B1 receptors in heart. Reduces cardic workload. Slows heart down. Blocks beta receptors receiving messages and heart slows.