Drugs that act on the GI Tract

Question 1

Antacids

Answer 1

Gaviscon, Maalox, rennies, gastrocote, asilone, alcacite plus - alginates - form a raft with gastric juices. Raft sits on stomach to stop the acid going back to the oesophagus. Magnesium may cause diahorrea/constipation.

Sineticone - makes large bubbles for the body to pass easily.

Question 2

Proton Pump inhibitors (RAZOLE)

Answer 2

Lansoprazole, esomeprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, robeprazole.

Bind permanently to proton pump to stop it working.

Question 3

H2 receptor antagonists (DINE) - stomach

Answer 3

Cimetidine, famotidine, mizatidine, ranitidine

cimetidine - stops liver metabolism of some drugs - warfarin, theophyline, phenyhin - causes serious side effects especially warfarin.

Block H2 receptors on parietal cells in stomach.

reduce stomach acid.

Atropine - inhibits acid and relives spasms.

Question 4

Heliobachter Pylori Infection

Answer 4

gram negative bacteria - cause of ulcers.
GERD increases ulcers
treated with 2 antibiotics for 7-14 days with a protein pump inhibitor or H2 antagonist. (ole and dine)

Question 5

Misoprosol

Answer 5

Protective - stimulates mucous and prevents acid production

Question 6

suculfrate

Answer 6

coats the ulcer and is a sticky paste - causes nausea/vomiting

Question 7

Antispasmodics

Answer 7

relax smooth muscle in the intestine

antimuscularinics - dicyclomine,hydrachloride, hyocine butylbomide,

side effects -constipation, dry mouth

caution with the elderley

Question 8

Gut motility stimulants (shitters!!)

Answer 8

Dopamine-(D1) receptor antagonist - increases peristalsis, relaxes the pyloric sphincter, increases oesphageal sphincter

used for IBS, reflux, sickness.

domperidone, metoclopramide

Question 9

Anti - shitters

Answer 9

Morphine based drugs - Immodium (loperamide)