1730s Flashcards
(18 cards)
Country in which the Qianlong Emperor started his 60-year reign
China
City where Benjamin Franklin established the first public library in the Americas
Philadelphia
Secret society who first practiced the ‘Scottish Rite’
Freemasons
Type of novelty clock invented in the Black Forest region
Cuckoo clock
Evangelical movement which swept the British colonies of North America
The Great Awakening
Empire that had captured Belgrade from the Austrians in 1521
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was a vast and influential Islamic empire that ruled over parts of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to the early 20th centuries.
City on the coast of Georgia founded by General James Oglethorpe
Savannah
Body part which surgeons removed for the first time (today, this surgery is relatively common)
Appendix
Country in which Stanisław I and Augustus III battled over the throne
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, also known as the Commonwealth of Both Nations, was a federative real union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795. It was one of the largest and most populous states in early modern Europe, encompassing a vast territory from the Eastern Baltic to the Black Sea. The Commonwealth was characterized by a unique political system where the nobility, particularly the szlachta, held considerable power, leading to a “Republic of Nobles”.
Key Features:
Union of Lublin (1569):
This event formally established the Commonwealth as a real union between Poland and Lithuania, sharing a single monarch, parliament, and currency.
Large and Diverse:
The Commonwealth included a diverse range of ethnic and religious groups, including Poles, Lithuanians, Ukrainians, Ruthenians, and others.
Republic of Nobles:
The szlachta, the Polish nobility, wielded significant political power, electing the king, having the right to veto legislation, and forming confederations.
Golden Liberty:
This term described the unique political system of the Commonwealth, characterized by noble equality, religious tolerance, and a limited monarch.
Territorial Expansion:
The Commonwealth experienced territorial growth in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly eastward.
Decline and Partition:
The Commonwealth eventually faced internal conflicts, external pressures, and economic decline, leading to its final partition in 1795.
Significance:
Religious Tolerance:
The Commonwealth was known for its relatively high levels of religious tolerance, which was uncommon for the time.
Political Experiment:
The Commonwealth’s political system, with its strong noble influence, was a unique experiment in early modern Europe.
Economic Importance:
The Commonwealth was a major producer of grain and other agricultural products, playing a significant role in European trade.
Cultural Influence:
The Commonwealth’s culture, with its blend of Polish, Lithuanian, and Ruthenian influences, had a lasting impact on the region.
City founded in Costa Rica
San José
Christian movement started by John Wesley after having a religious epiphany
Methodism
Bouncy tree product from the Amazon forest which was first identified by science
Rubber
Street address which became home to the Prime Minister of Great Britain
10 Downing Street
Element used to make blue pigment which was the first metal to be discovered since ancient times
Cobalt
Type of disaster which killed an estimated 300,000 near Calcutta in 1737
Tropical cyclone
In 1731, a match of this sport was decided by a score of 119–79, making it the earliest known sports score in history
Cricket
Cricket was created by Saxon and Norman children in clearings in the Weald - dense woodland in Kent and Sussex
Which modern day nations were included in Ruthenia?
Ruthenian refers to an East Slavic ethnic group and a historical region in Eastern and Central Europe, particularly around the Carpathian Mountains.
This territory stretched from modern day Poland to the edges of Romania, incorporating the Carpathian mountains, Ukraine and Slovakia.
How far west did the Ottoman Empire extend
The Battle of Vienna took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 12 September 1683 after the city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. The battle was fought by the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarchy) and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, both under the command of King John III Sobieski, against the Ottomans and their vassal and tributary states. The battle marked the first time the Commonwealth and the Holy Roman Empire had cooperated militarily against the Ottomans. The defeat was a turning point for Ottoman expansion into Europe, after which they would gain no further ground.
