Chapter 8 Part. 1

Question 0

The requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to a solid surface.

Answer 0

Anchorage dependence

Question 1

The fourth stage of mitosis, beginning when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell.

Answer 1

Anaphase

Question 2

The creation of offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg.

Answer 2

Asexual Reproduction

Question 3

A chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism; in mammals, for example, any chromosome other than X or Y.

Answer 3

Autosome

Question 4

An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body

Answer 4

Benign Tumor

Question 5

A means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism, often a single cell, divides into two individuals of about equal size.

Answer 5

Binary Fission

Question 6

Cancer that originates in the coverings of the body, such as skin or the lining of the intestinal tract.

Answer 6

Carcinoma

Question 7

An ordered sequence of events (including interphase and the mitotic phase) that extends from the time a eukaryotic cell is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells.

Answer 7

Cell Cycle

Question 8

A cyclically operating set of proteins that triggers and
coordinates events in the eukaryotic cell cycle.

Answer 8

Cell cycle control system

Question 9

The reproduction of a cell.

Answer 9

Cell Division

Question 10

A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis.

Answer 10

Cell Plate

Question 11

The region of a duplicated chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. The centromere divides at the onset of anaphase during mitosis and anaphase II during meiosis.

Answer 11

Centromere

Question 12

Material in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that gives rise to microtubules; important in mitosis and meiosis; also called microtubule-organizing center.

Answer 12

Centrosome

Question 13

The microscopically visible site where crossing over has occurred between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.

Answer 13

Chiasma

Question 14

The complex of DNA and proteins that constitutes eukaryotic chromosomes; often used to refer to the diffuse, very extended form taken by chromosomes when a cell is not dividing.

Answer 14

Chromatin

Question 15

A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis; also, the main gene-carrying structure of a prokaryotic cell. Chromosomes consist of chromatin, a combination of DNA and protein.

Answer 15

Chromosome

Question 16

(1) Cytokinesis in animal cells and in some protists, characterized by pinching in of the plasma membrane. (2) In animal development, the succession of rapid cell divisions without cell growth that converts the animal zygote into a ball of cells.

Answer 16

Cleavage

Question 17

The first sign of cytokinesis during cell division in an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate.

Answer 17

Cleavage Furrow

Question 18

The exchange of segments between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during synapsis in prophase I of meiosis; also, the exchange of segments between DNA molecules in prokaryotes.

Answer 18

Crossing Over

Question 19

The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. Cytokinesis usually occurs during telophase of mitosis. Mitosis and cytokinesis make up the mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle.

Answer 19

Cytokinesis

Question 20

The loss of one or more nucleotides from a gene by mutation; the loss of a fragment of a chromosome.

Answer 20

Deletion

Question 21

A human genetic disorder resulting from the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by heart and respiratory defects and varying degrees of mental retardation.

Answer 21

Down syndrome

Question 22

A sex cell; a haploid egg or sperm. The union of two gametes of opposite sex (fertilization) produces a zygote.

Answer 22

Gamete

Question 23

A complete (haploid) set of an organism’s genes; an organism’s genetic material.

Answer 23

Genome

Question 24

A protein secreted by certain body cells that stimulates other cells to divide.

Answer 24

Growth Factor

Question 25

In the life cycle of an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing a single set of chromosomes; an n cell.

Answer 25

Haploid Cell

Question 26

The entire sequence of stages in the life of an organism, from the adults of one generation to the adults of the next.

Answer 26

Life Cycle

Question 27

Cancer of the tissues that form white blood cells.

Answer 27

Lymphoma

Question 28

The third stage of mitosis, during which all the cell’s duplicated
chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle.

Answer 28

Metaphase