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Neuro Exam 2 > 18. Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

18. Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the components of the basal ganglia

A

caudate

putamen

globus pallidus

stubstantia innominata

subthalamic nucleus

nucleus accumbens

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2
Q

what is the purpose of the skeletomotor loop

and what are its parts

A

contol facial, limb & trunk Ms

input: putamen
output: globus pallidus/ substantia nigra

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3
Q

what is the purpose of the oculomotor loop

& what are its components

A

control saccadic eye movements

input: caudate nucleus
output: substantia nigra & globus pallidus

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4
Q

what is the purpose of the associative loop

& what are its components

A

cognition & executive behavioral fxn

input: caudate nucleus
output: substantia nigra & globus pallidus

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5
Q

what is the purpose of the limbic loop

& what are its components

A

participate in motivational/regulation of behavior and emotion

input: ventral striatum
output: ventral pallidum, globus pallidus & substantia nigra

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6
Q

what is the classic triad of parkinson’s disease

A

tremor

rigidity (cogwheel rigidity = resting tremor + rigidity)

bradykinesia

-may also have hypokinesia, postural instabilty, dementia or visuoperceptive impairment

(can affect walking, speech & facial expression)

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7
Q

what are the causes of parkinsonian syndrome

A
  • idiopathic
  • encephalitis lethargiva
  • head trauma
  • MPTP
  • CO & manganese posioning
  • neuroleptivs (DA blocking drugs)
  • wilson disease - hepatolenticular degneration
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8
Q

how do you treat parkinsons

A

increase DA levels (add or prevent breakdown)

deep brain stimulation

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9
Q

what is the cause of huntington’s chorea

A

degeneration of neurons in straitum leading to decreased GABA

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10
Q

what are characteristics of huntingtons

A

auto dom (HTT gene = CAG triNT repeat)

=involuntary, jerky & rapid movement

  • dementia
  • unsteady gait, slurred speech, irreg breathing, unable to keep tongue in protrusion

=depression bc of the significat changes in the brain

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11
Q

Huntington’s disease treatment

A

tetrabenazine (5HT antagonist)

typical antipsychotic (antagonize DA)

reserpine/tetrabenazine (deplete DA)

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12
Q

What is Ballismus

A

flailing, flinging movement of whole extremity

  • contralat to lesion of subthalamic nucleus
  • related to stroke, inflam or tumor
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13
Q

what is chorea

A

spontaneous, rapid, jerky arrhythmic & involuntary movement

=purposeless of fragments of motor programs

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14
Q

what is Jones criteria

A

symptoms for acute rheumatic fever

  1. joints (arthritis)
  2. heart
  3. nodules (subcutaneous)
  4. erythema marginatum
  5. Sydenham’s chorea (childhood chorea)

(can turn to rheumatic <3 disease after <3 valve damage)

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15
Q

what is athetosis

A

inability to sustain body part in one position (often seen in chorea)

=slow, writhing, continous movements

-seen w/ DA blocking drugs or hypoxic-ishmeic injury

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16
Q

what is focal dystonia

A

(writer’s cramp)

persistence/fixing of posture at extreme of an athetoid movement of either extremities or trunk

-involuntary & sustained M contracture of extensors/flexors of hand

nonpainful - severly illegible hand writing

17
Q

what structures are apart of striatum

A

caudate nucleus

putamen

18
Q

what does the paleostriatum include

A

globus pallidus

19
Q

what does the dorsal basal nuclei include

A

caudate nucleus

putament

globus pallidus

20
Q

what does the lentirbular nucleus contain

A

putamen

globus pallidus

21
Q

what does the ventral striatum contain

A

nucleus acumbens

olfactory nucleus

22
Q

what does the ventral palladium contain

A

substantia innominata

23
Q

what does the striatal complex contain

A

caudate nucleus

putamen

nucleus acumbens

olfactory tubercle

24
Q

what does the palladial complex contain

A

globus pallidus

substantia innominata

25
Q

what part of the basal ganglia path present for both the direct & indirect path

A

cortex –> (glu) –> striatum –> substantia nigra pars compacta –> DA –> striatum

the type of DA receptor determines if the path will be direct or indirect after this point

26
Q

what is the path of the indirect path

A

cortex –> striatum -> substantia nigra pars compacta-> striatum –>

globus pallidus (ext part) –> subthalamic nucleus –> globus pallidus (int part) & substantia nigra pars reticulata –> thalamus –> supplementary motor area

27
Q

what is the path of the direct path

A

cortex –> striatum –> substantia nigra pars compacta –> striatum –>

globus pallidus (int part)/substantia nigra pars recticulata –> thalamus –> supplementary motor area

Neuro Exam 2 (23 decks)

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