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Anatomy Exam 3 > 18 - Neck & Cervical Plexus > Flashcards

18 - Neck & Cervical Plexus Flashcards

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1
Q

The first two cervical vertebrae are specialized as the ______ and ______.

A

Atlas

Axis

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2
Q

Cervical segments are the only ones with a _________ ________ (i.e., spinal roots of CN XI).

A

Branchial-motor outflow

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3
Q

What are 3 similarities between trunk and neck?

A

1) Both have vertebrae
2) Both have mixed spinal nerves
3) Both have separate epaxial and hypaxial muscle masses

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4
Q

The smooth muscles of the trunk gut are derived from ________ _______.

A

Unsegmented mesoderm

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5
Q

The gut tube in the neck is surrounded by striated branchial arch muscles, which are muscles of the _______ and _______. These muscles are derived from _______ _______ _______.

A

Pharynx
Larynx
Posterior pharyngeal arches

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6
Q

Superficial striated muscles of neck form an incomplete layer, which are the ________ and ________ muscles. These are derived from ______ ______ ______.

A

Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Gill arch levators

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7
Q

The (NECK/TRUNK) lacks a coelom.

A

Neck

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8
Q

Hypaxial muscles in neck are innervated by what?

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves

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9
Q

These are hypaxial muscles within the rectus cervicis series (rectus abdominis equivalents). The ones that lie deep are ________ and ________, and the ones that are superficial are the ________ and ________.

A

Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid

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10
Q

The muscles in the rectus cervicis series are also called the ________ muscles.

A

Infrahyoid

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11
Q

This hypaxial muscle of the neck forms the incomplete floor of the mouth.

A

Geniohyoid

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12
Q

These hypaxial muscles of the neck are the _______ muscles, which are the intercostal muscle/abdominal oblique equivalents).

A

Scalene

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13
Q

This scalene muscle goes from the transverse processes of C3-C6 to the first rib.

A

Anterior scalene

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14
Q

This scalene muscle goes from the transverse processes of C5-C7 to the first rib.

A

Middle scalene

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15
Q

This scalene muscle goes from the transverse processes of C5-C7 to the second rib.

A

Posterior scalene

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16
Q

This hypaxial muscle of the neck goes from the upper three or four cervical transverse processes to the upper medial corner of the scapula.

A

Levator scapulae

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17
Q

These hypaxial muscles of the neck are prevertebral muscles (no equivalents elsewhere in the body). The lateral and anterior intertransversarri consist of…

A

Rectus capitis lateralis

Rectus capitis anterior

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18
Q

These hypaxial muscles of the neck are prevertebral muscles (no equivalents elsewhere in the body). The longer prevertebral muscles consist of…

A

Longus capitis

Longus colli

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19
Q

The prevertebral fascia covers the muscular floor (hypaxial muscles of neck) consisting of…

A 
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Scalenus posterior
Scalenus medius 
Scalenus anterior 
Omohyoid
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20
Q

What is the superior border of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Mandible

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21
Q

What is the posterior border of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid (anterior border of)

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22
Q

What is the anterior border of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Midline of the neck

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23
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Muscular triangle
Submandibular triangle
Carotid triangle

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24
Q

This is a component of the muscular triangle made up of two in-line bellies, anterior and posterior.

A

Digastric

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25
The digastric (muscular triangle) is innervated by two different cranial nerves based on embryological origin from two different ________ ________.
Pharyngeal arches (I and II)
26
What is the origin of the anterior belly of the digastric?
Digastric fossa of mandible
27
What is the insertion of the anterior belly of the digastric?
Posterior belly via intermediate tendon of hyoid bone
28
What actions does the anterior belly of the digastric perform?
Elevate hyoid and tongue Open mouth Depress mandible
29
What innervates the anterior belly of the digastric?
Mylohyoid nerve (branch of CN V3 - mandibular nerve)
30
What is the origin of the posterior belly of the digastric?
Mastoid notch of temporal bone
31
What is the insertion of the posterior belly of the digastric?
Anterior belly via intermediate tendon of hyoid bone
32
What actions does the posterior belly of the digastric perform?
Elevate hyoid and tongue Open mouth Depress mandible
33
What innervates the posterior belly of the digastric?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
34
What are the components of the muscular triangle (subdivision of anterior triangle of neck)?
``` Digastric Stylohyoid Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid ```
35
What is the origin of the stylohyoid?
Styloid process of temporal bone
36
What is the insertion of the stylohyoid?
Body of hyoid
37
What action does the stylohyoid perform?
Elevates and retracts hyoid
38
What innervates the stylohyoid?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
39
What is the origin of the mylohyoid?
Mylohyoid line of mandible
40
What is the insertion of the mylohyoid?
Raphe and body of hyoid
41
What action does the mylohyoid perform?
Elevates hyoid
42
What innervates the mylohyoid?
Mylohyoid nerve (CN V3)
43
What is the origin of the geniohyoid?
Inferior mental spine of mandible
44
What is the insertion of the geniohyoid?
Body of hyoid
45
What action does the geniohyoid perform?
Elevates hyoid
46
What innervates the geniohyoid?
C1 via hypoglossal nerve
47
What is the origin of the sternohyoid?
Manubrium
48
What is the insertion of the sternohyoid?
Body of hyoid
49
What action does the sternohyoid perform?
Depresses hyoid and larynx
50
What innervates the sternohyoid?
Ansa cervicalis
51
What is the origin of the sternothyroid?
Manubrium
52
What is the insertion of the sternothyroid?
Thyroid cartilage
53
What action does the sternothyroid perform?
Depresses hyoid and larynx
54
What innervates the sternothyroid?
Ansa cervicalis
55
What is origin of the thryohyoid?
Thyroid cartilage
56
What is the insertion of the thyrohyoid?
Body and greater horn of hyoid
57
What action does the thyrohyoid perform?
Depresses hyoid | Elevates larynx
58
What innervates the thyrohyoid?
C1 via hypoglossal nerve
59
The omohyoid consists of two bellies connected via an intermediate tendon which passes through a _______ _______.
Clavicular sling
60
What is origin of the superior belly of the omohyoid?
Body of hyoid
61
What is the origin of the inferior belly of the omohyoid?
Upper border of scapula
62
What is the insertion of the omohyoid?
Intermediate tendon attached to clavicle and rib 1
63
What action does the omohyoid perform?
Depresses hyoid
64
What innervates the omohyoid?
Ansa cervicalis
65
The common carotid artery does not give off any branches below the ________; lower part of the neck gets its blood supply from branches of the ________ artery.
Larynx | Subclavian
66
What are the 4 branches of the subclavian artery that supply the lower neck?
Vertebral artery Internal thoracic artery Costocervical trunk Thyrocervical trunk
67
There are blood monitors near the point of bifurcation of the common carotid. There is a _______ _______ that is a dilated terminal portion of the common carotid and acts as a baroreceptor. There is also a _______ _______ that is a chemoreceptor.
Carotid sinus | Carotid body
68
The (INTERNAL/EXTERNAL) carotid artery has no branches in the neck.
Internal
69
The common carotid artery runs from the front of the ________ (at root of neck) toward the dorsal body wall (scaleni and prevertebral muscles).
Trachea
70
The common carotid artery travels within the carotid sheath which contains...
Carotid artery Internal jugular vein Part of vagus nerve
71
The external carotid artery has three main branches that enter the neck. This is the anterior and lowest branch.
Superior thyroid artery
72
The external carotid artery has three main branches that enter the neck. This is the medial branch.
Ascending pharyngeal artery
73
The external carotid artery has three main branches that enter the neck. This is the posterior branch.
Occipital artery
74
This branch of the external carotid is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve at its origin.
Lingual artery
75
The superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery are terminal branches of what artery?
External carotid artery
76
The facial artery, occipital artery, and posterior auricular artery are all branches of what artery?
External carotid artery
77
The lingual and facial arteries (branches of external carotid) run (ANTERIORLY/POSTERIORLY).
Anteriorly
78
The posterior auricular and occipital arteries (branches of external carotid) run (ANTERIORLY/POSTERIORLY).
Posteriorly
79
The branches of the cervical plexus all come from what?
Ventral rami of C1-4 (C5 for motor)
80
The cervical plexus runs partly with which cranial nerve?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
81
The sensory branches of the cervical plexus are...
``` Great auricular (C2-3) Lesser occipital (C2) Transverse cervical (C2-3) Supraclavicular (C3-4) ```
82
The lesser occipital nerve is a sensory branch of the cervical plexus. It comes from the ventral ramus of C2. What branches from the dorsal ramus of C2?
Greater occipital nerve
83
What branches off the ventral rami of C3,4,5 and is involved in motor activity?
Phrenic nerve
84
The motor branches of the cervical plexus supply what muscles?
Prevertebral muscles Levator scapulae Scalene muscles
85
What are the prevertebral muscles?
Rectus capitis anterior Rectus capitis lateralis Longus capitis Longus coli
86
Which of the ventral rami supply the levator scapulae?
C3-4
87
The motor branches of the cervical plexus also give off the...
Ansa cervicalis
88
The ansa cervicalis supplies all the infrahyoid muscles except the ________.
Thyrohyoid
89
This is part of the sympathetic trunk and is composed of fused inferior cervical ganglion and T1 ganglion.
Stellate ganglion
90
This is part of the sympathetic trunk and is an elongated structure on the longus capitis muscle. It is at the level of C1 and C2.
Superior cervical ganglion
91
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from this ganglion supply all smooth muscles and glands of the head.
Superior cervical ganglion
92
The sympathetic trunk ascends on the anterior surfaces of which two muscles?
Longus capitis | Longus colli
93
The sympathetic trunk lies posterior to the common and internal carotids and lies deep to the ______ ______.
Carotid sheath
94
The sympathetic trunk contains (PREGANGLIONIC/POSTGANGLIONIC) sympathetic fibers from T1 and T2 and T2 and GVA fibers as well from same levels.
Preganglionic
95
The sympathetic trunk sends this to all cervical ventral rami.
Gray rami communicantes

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