18. Sensation & Perception: Audition

Question 1

pressure waves move ___ from the source in ___ direction

Answer 1

AWAY, ONE

Question 2

why is sound an ambiguous term?

Answer 2

because its physical properties don’t always det its auditory properties

Question 3

sound is a ____ ____ wave w/ regions of ___ & ___

Answer 3

LONGITUDINAL, PRESSURE
HIGH & LOW

Question 4

when do pure tones occur

Answer 4

when change in air pressure occurs in a sinusoidal wave pattern

Question 5

the higher the freq, the ___- the pitch

Answer 5

HIGHER

Question 6

the greater the amplitude, the ___ a sound seems

Answer 6

LOUDER

Question 7

amplitude is measured in …

Answer 7

decibels (dB)

Question 8

freq is measured in…

Answer 8

hertz (Hz)

Question 9

a complex tone is a sound containing…

Answer 9

multiple freq

Question 10

actual loudness of a sound depends on… (2)

Answer 10

1. amplitude
2. frequency

Question 11

how is perceptual loudness measured by?

Answer 11

phons

Question 12

phons are…

Answer 12

units of loudness for PURE tones

Question 13

freq we are more ___ to will sound louder for a given amplitude

Answer 13

SENSITIVE

Question 14

pitch is ___, therefore, it cannot be measured in…

Answer 14

PERCEPTUAL, HERTZ

Question 15

Hertz is a ____ measure

Answer 15

PHYSICAL

Question 16

for a pure tone, pitch is det by the ___

Answer 16

FREQ

Question 17

for a complex tone, pitch is usually det by the ___ ___

Answer 17

FUNDAMENTAL FREQ

Question 18

what are the 2 components of pitch?

Answer 18

1. chroma
2. tone height

Question 19

what is chroma?

Answer 19

similar sound prod by notes w/ the same letter

Question 20

what is tone height?

Answer 20

the pitch of the tone (left to right on piano, tone height increases)

Question 21

what is the fundamental freq?

Answer 21

constituent freq components that form complex tones.
e.g if freq are in multiples of 200 hz, 200 hz = fundamental freq

Question 22

complex tone will cont to repeat at the ___ ___ even when it is absent

Answer 22

FUNDAMENTAL FREQ

Question 23

what does the freq spectrum tell you?

Answer 23

how much power is in each of the freq

Question 24

what is timbre

Answer 24

the difference in tone when harmonics are removed

Question 25

diff instruments sound diff because they have diff ____

Answer 25

TIMBRES

Question 26

musical sounds are ___ (temporal desc)

Answer 26

PERIODIC; each wave form repeats at regular intervals

Question 27

waveforms that don't repeat are...

Answer 27

APERIODIC

Question 28

auditory localisation is based on... (2)

Answer 28

1. binaural cues 2. monoaural cues

Question 29

binaural cues incl (2)

Answer 29

1. interaural time diff 2. interaural level diff

Question 30

what is interaural time diff

Answer 30

- when the ear hears the sound - sound CLOSER to the ear will be heard FIRST

Question 31

what is interaural level diff?

Answer 31

- for high freq, shadows caused by head blocks the other ear that isn't exposed to the sound - closer ear gets a higher amplitude than the other

Question 32

interaural level diff only applies to ___ freq

Answer 32

HIGH

Question 33

what is the cone of confusion?

Answer 33

- any 2 points connected by a circumference line on the surface of the cone will have the same diff in dist to the 2 ears - same interaural time diff & lvl diff - binaural cues can't be used to distinguish b/q the 2 points

Question 34

monoaural cues are cues based on ___ ear

Answer 34

1

Question 35

how do monoaural cues help det elevation of sound?

Answer 35

- sound coming from diff elevations will bounce off DIFF parts of pinna before entering ear canal - sounds have diff freq notches based on its elevation, used to det elevation of sound source

Question 36

low elevations have a ____ notch, middle elevations have a ____ notch & high elevations have ___ notch

Answer 36

1. Pronounced 2. Medium 3. No

Question 37

if you hear the same sound twice w/ a temporal separation of 5-20ms, you ____ register the 2nd sound, you _____ hear an ___

Answer 37

WON'T WON'T hear an ECHO

Question 38

under what conditions will you hear the 2 sounds as separate (hear an echo)

Answer 38

when the temporal separation b/w the 2 sounds is more than ~ a 10th of a sec

Question 39

why do you hear echos in caves? (3)

Answer 39

- the long dist of the cave (how large & deep it is), causes sound to take LONGER to travel - so temporal separation is LONGER - will hear direct AND indirect sound (echo)

Question 40

what 4 factors det the quality of architectural acoustics?

Answer 40

1, reverberation time 2. intimacy time 3. bass ratio 4. spaciousness factor

Question 41

reverberation time is the time it takes for a sound to ____ by ___ dB

Answer 41

DECREASE by 60dB

Question 42

intimacy time is the ____ diff b/w when the ___ sound arrives & the first ____ sound arrives

Answer 42

TEMPORAL diff b/w when the DIRECT sound & INDIRECT sound arrives

Question 43

Base ratio is measure for ____ sound

Answer 43

INDIRECT

Question 44

base ratio is the ratio of ___ freq to ___ freq for the ___ sound

Answer 44

LOW:MID freq for INDIRECT sound

Question 45

spaciousness factor is the ratio of ___ sound to ___ sound

Answer 45

INDIRECT:TOTAL sound

Question 46

the greater the ___ of indirect sound, the ____ the ______ factor

Answer 46

PROPORTION SPACIOUSNESS FACTOR

Question 47

5 cues that ppl use to separate sound sources are:

Answer 47

1. location 2. onset time 3. timbre & pitch 4. auditory continuity 5. experience

Question 48

desc the cue: onset time

Answer 48

- if 2 sounds start @ diff times, likely to originate from diff sources - start @ same time, same source

Question 49

desc the cue: auditory continuity

Answer 49

- tones interrupted by silence are heard as DISTINCT - tones interrupted by noise (or another stimulus) are heard as CONTINUOUS