14. Sensation & Perception: Object & scene perception Flashcards
why is object perception hard (3)
- stimulus on the retina is ambiguous
- objects can be hidden/blurred
- objects look diff from diff viewpoints & in diff poses
what are the 2 competing schools of thoughts abt object perception?
- structuralism
- gestaltism
structuralism distinguishes b/w ____ & ___
sensations & perceptions
sensations are the ….
elementary processes that occur in response to stimulation
- what happens in ur retina
perceptions are …
conscious awareness of objects & scenes
what does structuralism claim?
that sensations combine to FORM perceptions
- if smth is NOT in the retinal image, you WON’T see it
according to Structuralism, ____ ____ is the sum of these elementary sensations
conscious awareness
what does Gestaltism claim?
that conscious awareness is MORE than the SUM of elementary sensations
what are the evidence for Gestaltism claim? (2)
- Apparent motion
- Illusory contours
Gestaltism says that conscious awareness is partially _____
HALLUCINATIONS
what happens in apparent motion?
- observers sees 2 STATIONARY dots flashed in succession
- dots are STATIONARY but observer PERCEIVES MOTION
- you CREATE/HALLUCINATE the motion
where are illusory contours seen?
in locations where there are NO physical contours
according to Gestaltism, humans are able to perceive objects and scenes because of ….
perceptual organisation
what does perceptual organisation include? (2)
- organisation
- grouping
to make sense of scenes, ____ & ____ are needed
grouping & segregation
what is the func of grouping & segregation?
- grouping allows coherency (features from the same object grouped together)
- segregation allows diff objects to be perceived as DISTINCT
name Gestalts principles for grouping (7)
- good continuation
- Pragnanz
- Similarity
- Proximity
- Common fate
- Common region
- Uniform connectedness
what must be segregated for image perception? (2)
- diff objects from each other
- objects from background
what regions of the image are more likely to be seen as a figure? (4)
- objects in front of the rest of the image
- objects at the bottom of the image
- objects that are convex
- objects that are recognisable
ppl also use past ____ to segregate overlapping objects
EXPERIENCE
how does experience allow you to segregate images?
- once you see it you can’t “unsee” it
- knowledge survives when image is flipped
what is gist impression
the overall impression of the scene
observers ____ rapidly perceive a scene’s gist
CAN
what affects gist perception?
how long the scene was displayed to you for
- although ABLE to extract the gist of a scene rapidly, unable to extract it DETAILEDLY
