18. Stress and Anxiety Flashcards
(26 cards)
stress definition
a stimulus resulting in a positive or negative response to a situation
produces both physiological (somatic) and psychological (cognitive) symptoms
eustress definition
positive stress
occurs when pressure/challenge is seen as manageable & motivating
leads to increased focus, energy & confidence
distress definition
negative stress
when demands of a situation are perceived as too overwhelming or unmanageable
leads to anxiety, lack of motivation, decreased confidence
results in poor decision making, errors, underperformance
distress - cognitive effects
- reduced concentration
- poor decision making
- increased anxiety, negative thinking
- memory lapses
- mental fatigue
distress - somatic effects
- increased heart rate
- muscle tension
- sweating
- nausea
- shaking
- difficulty speaking
- fatigue
eustress - cognitive effects
- improved focus & concentration ( on relevant stimuli)
- increased motivation
- enhanced confidence & self-belief
- clear decision making & rational thinking
- positive mindset & resilience
eustress - somatic effects
- increased adrenaline
- heightened arousal & readiness
- improved reaction time
- controlled HR & breathing
- better muscle activation
- decreased blood pressure
stressor definition
stimulus that triggers a stress response
internal stressors examples
- illness
- sleep
- type A personality
- expectations
- injury
external stressors examples
- environment
- other people
- occupation
- media attention
- opposition
McGrath - stressful situation responses
environmental demands
↓
perception of environmental demands
↓
stress response
↓
actual behaviour
anxiety definition
a negative aspect of stress
a form of fear or apprehension created by awareness of arousal
negative emotional state because a situation is seen as threatening
cognitive response to anxiety
- loss of concentration
- feelings of apprehension
- inability to cope
- attentional narrowing
- fear of failure
somatic response to anxiety
- sweating
- increased muscle tension
- feelings of nausea
- increased heart rate
- increased breathing rate
trait anxiety definition (A-trait)
trait anxiety is enduring
personality core, consistent worry regardless of situation
state anxiety (A-state)
state anxiety is a temporary emotional state
changes and varies depending on the situation
anxiety levels before, during & after event
cognitive - builds up early & stays relatively high until the event begins
somatic - only spikes shortly before the event, then quickly drops when it starts or ends
relationship between cognitive and somatic anxiety
it is beneficial to have a level of cognitive anxiety produced by high arousal levels as long as somatic anxiety levels remain low
when both become high is when catastrophe occurs
what can inappropriate goal setting lead to?
- fear of failure
- social comparison
- confusion
- tension
- external pressure
- low confidence
- lack of control
measurements of anxiety and stress
Marten’s sport competitive anxiety test
Speilberger’s state trait anxiety inventory
Competitive state anxiety inventory - 2
Marten’s sport competitive anxiety test (SCAT)
measures physiological & emotional responses to stress in a competitive situation
Speilberger’s state trait anxiety inventory (STAI)
measures emotional & physiological responses to stress in general & specific situations
Competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2)
measures emotional responses in competitive situations
controlling stress/anxiety
control/redirect thoughts & attention (cognitive)
control/reduce physiological components (somatic)
