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Physical Education > 21. Sport and Society > Flashcards

21. Sport and Society Flashcards

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1
Q

How does sport interact with social norms, values, institutions & issues?

A
  • identity & belonging
  • social class & access
  • gender & equality
  • race & inclusion
  • politics & power
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2
Q

society deinition

A

group of people who share common culture/interests, and way of life

shapes how sport is organised, who has access & what values are promoted

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3
Q

socialisation definition

A

lifelong process by which individuals learn & adopt the norms, values, behaviours & roles of their society

involve learning teamwork, discipline & fair play

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4
Q

social control definition

A

ways society regulates behaviour to ensure order & conformity through rules, sanctions & expectations

referees, governing bodies help enforce acceptable behaviour

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5
Q

culture definition

A

shared way of life of a group including their beliefs, values & behaviours

sport contributes to culture & influences attitudes toward sport, types of activities valued & how sport is played or celebrated

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6
Q

social institutions definition

A

organised structures in society that influence behaviour & contribute to the functioning of society/social order

e.g family, education, religion & media

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7
Q

What is sport in contemporary British culture?

A
  • quality of our society
  • promotes unity & shared experiences
  • escape from society & life
  • offers a national identity
  • shape values & morals
  • breakdown social barriers/stereotypes
  • increase economic growth
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8
Q

sport’s role in health

A

contributes to physical, mental & social health by encouraging active lifestyles

  • reduces risk of lifestyle diseases
  • improve mental wellbeing, reduce stress & anxiety
  • enhance self-esteem & social inclusion

e.g. - NHS & government campaigns ‘Change4Life’
- initiatives such as Park Run

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9
Q

sport’s role in leisure

A

sport is a major leisure activity for both participants and spectators

  • provides enjoyment & escapism from daily life
  • creates opportunities for informal & formal participation

e.g. - community sports clubs & leisure centres
- spectating at live matches, watching on TV, engaging through apps & games

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10
Q

sport’s role in business

A

sport is a growing global industry that generates revenue and creates employment

  • sponsorship, advertising, ticket sales, broadcasting rights & merchandise
  • employment in coaching, sport science, physiotherapy, event management

e.g. - PL clubs generating millions though sponsorship deals ( kit sponsor, stadium naming rights)
- major companies using athletes to advertise products

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11
Q

sport’s role in entertainment

A

sport is one of the world’s leading forms of entertainment, accessible across many platforms

  • offers drama, excitement, emotion
  • celebrated through live events, highlights, documentaries, films & video games

e.g. - Olympics or FIFA world cup broadcast to global audiences
- streaming platforms blending sport & storytelling, behind the sceness

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12
Q

social mobility definition

A

movement of individuals up and down a social hierarchy

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13
Q

commodity definition

A

being bought, sold or used for commercial gain, turning it into a product rather than just an activity

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14
Q

role of sport within schools

A

teach key values such as
- respect
- teamwork
- determination
- competitiveness
- cooperation
- problem solving
- cooperation

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15
Q

how do governments use sport?

A
  • promote political ideologies
  • shop window effect
  • sports washing
  • health promotion
  • infrastructure benefits
  • social integration
  • social control
  • national pride
  • military preparedness
  • creation of role models
  • increased success at elite level
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16
Q

shop window effect definition

A

use of major sporting events to showcase a country to the world in the best possible light

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17
Q

sports washing

A

use sport to improve their image/reputation to distract from negative actions (human rights abuse, corruption)

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18
Q

what is the bread & circuses effect?

A

a political strategy to distract the population from existing political & social issues

give the people food & entertainment & you can rely on them for their contentment & support

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19
Q

political tool definition

A

how sport is used to gain a political advantages

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20
Q

5 types of political tools

Study These Flashcards
A

propaganda
boycotts
protests
diplomacy
national identity

21
Q

propaganda definition

Study These Flashcards
A

information, often biased or misleading, used to promote a political point of view

22
Q

propaganda example

Study These Flashcards
A

1936 Berlin Olympics

  • Hitler used the Olympics to promote the ideology of Aryan racial superiority
  • event staged to showcase Nazi Germany’s power, discipline & organisation
  • stadiums & broadcasts filled with Nazi symbols and propaganda
  • African-American athlete Jesse Owens won 4 gold medals, undermining the racial message
23
Q

boycotts definition

Study These Flashcards
A

when individuals, teams or countries refuse to take part in an event as a form of protest against political, social or ethical issues

24
Q

boycotts example

Study These Flashcards
A

1980 Moscow Olympics

  • over 60 countries, led by USA boycotted the Games to protest the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan
  • in retaliation, USSR and other Eastern Bloc nations boycotted 1984 LA Olympics
25
protests definition
public demonstrations expressing disapproval or objection often during or around sports events can be related to political, social or ethical issues
26
protests example
1968 Mexico Olympics - American sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos raised block-gloved fists during the medal ceremony - protest was against racial discrimination and injustice in the USA - both faced major backlash and were expelled from the games, but their actions became iconic
27
diplomacy definition
use of sport to improve relations between countries or resolve conflicts 'sports diplomacy' involves using international competitions to build peaceful relationships
28
diplomacy example
Ping Pong diplomacy 1971 - table tennis exchange between the USA and China helped open diplomatic relations - it paved the way for US president Nixon's historic visit to China in 1972 - sport was used as a soft-power tool to ease political tensions between cold war rivals
29
national identity defintion
sense of belonging to a nation often expressed through shared symbols, tradition and values sport can play a key role in strengthening N.I by uniting people in support of athletes or teams
30
national identity example
1995 Rugby world cup South Africa - hosted and won by South Africa just after the end of apartheid - Nelson Mandela wore the Springbok jersey, a symbol of white South African rugby, to promote unity - the event helped heal racial divides and build a post-apartheid national identity
31
social differentiation definitions
process by which different statuses develop in any group, organisation or society
32
social stratification definition
development of unequal layers based on factors such as income, education, status and power people are divided into hierarchies based on: - social class - age - gender - ethnicity
33
barriers to participation definition
factors that prevent individuals or groups from engaging in physical activity or sport
34
2 areas of barriers to participation
discrimination of minority groups socio-cultural and economic factors
35
factors that can effect opportunity, provision, attitudes and values
time education finance facilities/location
36
3 main constraints to access to participation
opportunity - participate fully, excel & develop careers provision - facilities, financial aid, coaching esteem - acceptance, comparable media, recognition
37
opportunity definition
whether people have chance to take part influenced by socio-economic background, geographic location, work/school commitments, family support e.g. child in rural area may not have local clubs or transport to access sport
38
provision definition
whether facilities, equipment, coaches or clubs are available or appropriate influenced by government/local investment, school provision & community initiatives e.g. school may not offer rugby or netball, limiting what sports students can try
39
esteem definition
relates to confidence, self belief & motivation to participate affected by body image issues, past negative experiences, peer pressure or lack of role models e.g. teenager might feel too self-conscious to join a gym class
40
women in sport - barriers to participation
- society formed gender roles - models of masculinity/femininity - media influence, lack of coverage - lack of role models - less opportunities/access
41
women in sport - strategies to overcome barriers
- promote positive role models - single sex sessions, female coaches - body positive education, uniforms - improve media coverage, sponsorship - curriculum reform in schools - flexible scheduling & policies
42
women in sport barriers - examples & data
- girlguiding found 37% avoid physical activity due to appearance concerns - 82% female footballers experience discomfort from boots - 'This Girl Can' campaign inspired 1.6 million women to start exercising
43
ethnic minorities in sport - barriers to participation
- cultural and religious beliefs - lack of role models - racism and discrimination - economic barriers - language and communication barriers
44
ethnic minorities in sport barriers - strategies to overcome
- community engagement programs - increased representation - antiracism campaigns and policies - faith sensitive and inclusive facilities
45
ethnic minorities in sport barriers - examples & data
- only 5% coaches in UK are from BAME backgrounds (Black, Asian, Minority Ethnic) - only 23% Black adults classes as active compared to 62% white British adults - sport england invested £250million in tackling inequalities
46
disabled individuals in sport - barriers to participation
- lack of accessible facilities - limited opportunities & specialist equipment - negative attitudes & stereotypes - low confidence - inadequate coach education - transport & cost barriers - lack of role models
47
disabled individuals in sport barriers - strategies to overcome
- inclusive facility design - adaptive programs - role models & media representation - school inclusion policies - teacher & coach education - transport & community outreach
48
disabled individuals in sport barriers - examples & data
- only 18% disabled adults take part in sport once a week compared to 39% non-disabled adults - UK gov. pledged £50 million towards inclusive sport as part of get active strategy

Physical Education (21 decks)

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