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Anatomy Exam #1 > Anatomy Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 2 Flashcards

0
Q

sex cells such as eggs and sperm which are used for reproduction are called what?

A

germ cells

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1
Q

most of the cells in our body that are used to build organs and tissues are called what?

A

Somatic Cells

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2
Q

the space inside a cell is called ____ and contains a fluid called ___?

A

cytoplasm, cytosol

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3
Q

the fluid outside the cell is called what?

A

Extracellular fluid

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4
Q

proteins in the cell membrane serve many different functions such as…?

A 
transport
enzymatic activity 
receptors for signal tranduction
intercellular joining 
cell-cell recognition
attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
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5
Q

what are the three options of getting through the cell membrane?

A
  1. simple diffusion - slipping through phospholipids
  2. passive or active transport (requires ATP) - going through a transmembrane protein
  3. bulk transport - have membrane rearrange structure around the object
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6
Q

Bulk transport into the cell is called?

A

Endocytosis

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7
Q

Bulk transport out of the cell is called ?

A

Exocytosis

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8
Q

bulk transport uses ___ to bring stuff into or out of the cell.

A

vesicle

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9
Q

what are the three types of Endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis

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10
Q

bulk transport of bringing a solid in through endocytosis is called what?

A

phagocytosis

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11
Q

bulk transport of bringing liquid into the cell by endocytosis is called ?

A

pinocytosis

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12
Q

in bulk transport, endocytosis is triggered only by receptors. this is called?

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

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13
Q

where are ribosomes made?

A

nucleolus

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14
Q

the membrane on the nucleus is called what?

A

nuclear envelope

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15
Q

what is one strand of DNA called?

A

chromosome

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16
Q

there are __ chromosomes in the nuclei of somatic cells

A

46

17
Q

sex cells have ___ chromosomes

A

23

18
Q

a section of the chromosome that codes for one protein is called what?

A

a gene

19
Q

the sum of all our genes is called?

A

genome

20
Q

what are the functions of the rough ER

A
  1. protein synthesis

2. folding proteins into tertiary and quaternary structures

21
Q

what are the functions of the smooth ER

A
  1. synthesis of phospholipid and glycolipid
  2. carbohydrate synthesis and storage
  3. steroid and cholesterol synthesis
22
Q

what are the different packages that the Golgi A. makes?

A
  1. lysosomes
  2. secretory vesicles
  3. transport vesicles
  4. membrane renewal vesicles
23
Q

vesicle that contains digestive enzymes that degrade/ break down

A

Lysosomes

24
Q

vesicles that contain products the cell will export into the extracellular fluid

A

secretory vessicles

25
Q

vesicles that contain products to move around inside the cell

A

transport vesicles

26
Q

vesicles that add new materials (phospholipids, proteins, glycolipids) to cell membrane

A

membrane Renewal vesicle

27
Q

the folds in the inner membrane of a mitochondria are called what?

A

Cristae

28
Q

the fluid environment inside the mitochondria is called what?

A

matrix

29
Q

what are the three types of protein strands in the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Microfilaments
  2. Intermediate Filaments
  3. Microtubules
30
Q

thin, thread-like protein strands found in the cytoskeleton are called?

A

microfilaments

31
Q

slightly thick thread-like strands in the cytoskeleton are called what?

A

Intermediate Filaments

32
Q

Large, hollow, tude-like protein strands in the cytoskeleton are called what?

A

Microtubules

33
Q

small, immobile protrusions used mainly for surface area and absorption are called what?

A

Microvilli

34
Q

Large, finger-like, movable protrusions are called?

A

Cilia

35
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

36
Q

What kind of muscle tissue is found in our muscles connected to skeleton

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

37
Q

What Muscle tissue is in our heart?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

38
Q

What kind of muscle is in our organs, blood vessels etc.?

A

Smooth muscle tissue

39
Q

What are the 2 main cell types found in nervous tissue?

A 
Neurons (conduct electrical signals)
Glial cells (support cells)

Anatomy Exam #1 (6 decks)

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