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Daniel > Laboratory Basic Trainning > Flashcards

Laboratory Basic Trainning Flashcards

1
Q

Which test measures the slurry dehydration during and immediately after slurry placement?

A

fluid loss test

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2
Q

Which test determines the length of time a slurry remains in a fluid state under simulated downhole pressure and temperature?

A

thickening time test

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3
Q

To correctly design a cement job, the rheological properties of the cement slurry, spacer, and chemical wash must be known.
Which three of the following are affected by rheological properties?
a. formation permeability
b. mud removal
c. friction-pressure
d. Bottom Hole Circulating temperature (BHCT)

A

b. mud removal
c. friction-pressure
d. Bottom Hole Circulating temperature (BHCT)

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4
Q

The key requirement in density measurement is to eliminate the entrained air effect on the measurement.

A

true

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5
Q

Which test determines the strength of set cement?

A

compressive strength test

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6
Q

What parameter determines how long the slurry will be pumpable?

A

thickening time

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7
Q

What is the result of free fluid separation in deviated wells?

A

incomplete zonal isolation

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8
Q

Slurry density has no effect on the cement final compressive strength.

A

false

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9
Q

All chemicals or cement blends should be sampled before loading out to the wellsite.

A

True

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10
Q

Which factor is responsible for primary cementing failures, as it can cause an increase in the cement slurry density and possible annular bridging?

A

poor fluid loss control

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11
Q

Which of the following is the required method of cement slurry-density measurement?

A

pressurized mud balance

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12
Q

What is the API mixing device with a high-shear, propeller mixer called?

A

mix blender

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13
Q

What unit of measurement does the fluid loss test result have?

A

mL/30 min

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14
Q

Calculate thickening time required to perform the following job.

  1. Pump spacer. 20 minutes
  2. Drop bottom plug. 10 minutes
  3. Mix/pump cement slurry. 40 minutes
  4. Drop top plug. 10 minutes
  5. Pump displacement. 50 minutes
  6. Pressure test casing. 10 minutes
  7. Bleed back pressure, check returns. 10 minutes
A

240 minutes

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15
Q

A cement additive which reduces the effective viscosity of cement slurries

A

Dispersant

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16
Q

A material added to cement to increase te slurry yield and/or to reduce the slurry density

A

Extender

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17
Q

An abnormally early thickening or setting of cement slurry wherein the cement slurry becomes unpumpable?

A

Flash Set

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18
Q

Density must be adjusted to have downhole pressure above pore pressure to avoid formation fluid influx and below formation fracture pressure, to avoid losses.

A

True

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19
Q

in the Rheology explan a Yield Point?

A

(Ty) the force you need to move the fluid, the better the dispersion between the hydrating cement grain ins the lower the Ty will be

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20
Q

in the Rheology explan a Plastic Viscosity?

A

(Pv) the more solids are in a slurry, the higher Pv will be

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21
Q

How do you determine the gel strenght?

A

At 3 rpm in 10 sec, 10 min and 1 min mixing

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22
Q

Explain the Free fluid test.

A

Is the tendency of water to separate from a cement slurry, uses a 250 ml graduated cilinder and last 2 hrs

23
Q

Explain the fluid loss test.

A

The fluid filtration out of the slurry caused by differential pressure across a permeable formation, in a HPHT filter press at 100 psi 30 min.

24
Q

Explain the pumpability and thickening time test

A

Measures how long the slurry will be pumpable under the simulated conditions of downhole pressure and temperature. In Bearden Bc stops at 100 Bc but at 70 Bc is alrready considered not pumpable

25
Q

Explain the compressive strenght Test.

A

Determine the strenght of ser cement under downhole conditions and uses a UCA Ultrasonic Cement Analyser

26
Q

What is Cement Retrogression?

A

Happen at a temp equal or higher of 100°C the cement losses strenght and you can use Silica at 35% BWOC recommended to prevent this effect

27
Q

The types of additives

A 
Antifoams
Accelerators
Dispersants
FLAC*s
Retarders
Gas Migration Control
MUDPUSH* II Compatibility
28
Q

Name the technologies of CemCRETE

A 
LiteCRETE
Ultra LiteCRETE
LiteCRETE HP
DensCRETE
DeepCRETE
SqueezeCRETE
29
Q

Aditives that require aditional Water?

A

D020-bentonite, 5.3% (BWOC)/1%
D024-gilsonite, 1 gal/25 lbm
D030-Silica Sand 0.286% (BWOC)/1% (10%/35%)
D031-barite 0.024 gal/1 lbm
D042-KOLITE* extender 1 gal/25 lbm
D066-silica flour 0.343% (BWOC)/1% (12%/35%)

30
Q

Mencione donde se encuentran las practicas recoendadas para pruebas de laboratorio

A

API 10A control de Calidad Cto

API 10B Practicas recomendadas.

31
Q

Cuales son los tipos de cemento que hay?

A

Clase A, B, C, D, G, H

Grado HSR. LSR, ordinario

32
Q

Que tipo de cemento se usa en MXM

A

Cemento Clase H

33
Q

Mencione procedimiento de mezclado de una lechada de cmento convencional

A

Se pesan y dosifica el cemento, aditivos y agua, a 4000+-250 RPM se mezcla el agua junto con los aditios líquidos, al terminar en un tiempo no mayor a 15 seg y a 12,000+-250 RPM se debe incorporar el cemento y seguir mezclando durante 35 segundos para dar la energía de mezclado necesario

34
Q

Cual es el tiempo de duración de una prueba de Fluid Loss API y como se calcula?

A

Tiene una duración de 30 minutos y se calcula mediante la siguiente formula FL=2V(30)^.5/t^5 donde t es el tiemmpo en el que perdió el fluido si t<30, si no t=30

35
Q

Para que nos sirve la reología

A

para conocer la consistencia y propiedades reologicas de un fluido y se obtienen los siguientes 2 datos importantes Ty y Pv

36
Q

Cuales son las unidades de Pv y Ty

A

Pv= Cp y Ty = lbf/100ft^2

37
Q

Que condiciones de operación deben tomarse en cuenta para correr una prueba de tiempo bombeable?

A

Las temperaturas y presiones de la rampa entregada por el FE que indican los cambios de temperatura y presión durante diferentes periodos de tiempo.

38
Q

Si al meter una prueba de TB tengo una consistencia de 50 bc, esto indica…

A

que se han generado geles o tenemos una lechada muy viscosa, y que no es bombeable o posible falla en el potenciometro.

39
Q

Que lectura en el Fann 35 (viscosimetro) no se toma en cuenta para la medida de las reologías en una lechada y explica porque.

A

la de 600 RPM ya que ha esta velocidad puede tener un efecto de centrifugación, y puede haber centrifugación de solidos.

40
Q

Cuales son las pruenas que se realizan para un control de calidad del cemento

A

Densidad
Tiempo Bombeable
Fluido libre
Resistencia compresiva a 38°c y 60°C curados a baño maría. x 8 hrs

41
Q

Cual es el porcentaje maximo permitido de agua libre para un control de calidad?

A

que no exceda 5.9%

42
Q

En que unidades se reporta en TB?

A

Bc bearden

43
Q

Al realizar un control de calidad, que tiempo debería dar el TB segun API?

A

Según API el tiempo para @100 bc debe llegarse en 90 a 120 min

44
Q

Que significa UCA y SGSA?

A

UCA Ultra sonic Cement Analyzer

SGSA Strenght Gel Static Analyzer

45
Q

Cual es la temperatura a la cual existe retrogresión del cemento y que aditivos se deben adicionar a la lechada para evitarlo y cual es el porcentaje que se debe de tener de silica?

A 
según API mas 110°C
Para pemex Mas de 100 °C
Se recomienda una concentración de 35% de los siguientes aditivos
D030 Silica fluor
D066 Silica Sand
46
Q

Tiene la presión un efecto significativo en la pruea de tiempo bombeable?

A

Si entre mas presión más rapido fragua el TB

47
Q

Porque son importantes las pruebas de TB y resistencia compresiva?

A

El TB es necesario para saber si la lechada va a permanecer bombeable durante el tiempo de la operación, y la resistencia compresiva, nos dice la resistencia que tendrá el cemento ya colocado, (se reporta para 50 psi, 500 psi y la resistencia a las 24 hrs)

48
Q

Cuales son los aditivos controladores de gas usados en MXM

A

D500
D600G
D700

49
Q

Que filtrao API es recomendado para las lechadas Antimigratorias?

A

<50 ml API (ya calculado)

50
Q

Menciona al menos 2 aditivos Retardadores

A

D110
D150
D177
D197

51
Q

Menciona al menos 2 aditivos Dispersantes

A

D080
D145
D185
D185A

52
Q

Menciona al menos 2 aditivos Anti espumantes

A

D047

D206

53
Q

Cual es el tiempo de transicion y el valor del Gel de una lechada antimigratoria para que sea considerada buena?

A

Si el tiempo que tarda en subir de 100 lb/100ft^2 a 500 lb/100ft^2 es menor a 45 minutos, es considerada antimigratoria, si es mayor a 45 minutos no es considerada antimigratoria.

Daniel (15 decks)

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