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Italian History > 1848 Revolutions > Flashcards

1848 Revolutions Flashcards

1
Q

how did social and economic division hinder unification

A

language+culture

north richer

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2
Q

who were the Reformisti

A

group of reformers, believed if Austria go Italy would flourish

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3
Q

what ideas did Reformisti put forward

A

common monetary system

wanted federation, opposed republic

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4
Q

what was the life expectancy in Naples in 1840s

A

24

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5
Q

what were the causes of the failure of the 1848 revolutions

A 
growth of liberalism 
reforms of pius IX 
unpopularity of Austrians 
social discontent+economic problems 
weakness of nationalism
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6
Q

how did the growth of liberalism cause the 1848 revolutions

A

statuto from Charles albert boosted drive for unification

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7
Q

what showed a move towards unity by Charles albert

A

joined a customs union with pope pius IX + supported his reforms

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8
Q

when was the statuto presented

A

1847

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9
Q

what did pius do which inspired the 1848 revolutions

A

question justice system
enter customs union, Tuscany and Piedmont
1848 denied Austrians right to cross papal states

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10
Q

when did tensions start with Austrian troops

A

when troops occupied the town of ferrara (permitted to do this 1815 treaty of Vienna)
pope launched formal complaint

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11
Q

what was wrong with peasant farming

A

inefficient

vulnerable to foreign competition

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12
Q

what led to riots and protests amongst peasants

A

lost communal land to wealthier classes
Europe wide harvest failures 1846-47
bad living standards

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13
Q

what did the harvest failure create shortages of

A

maize and wheat, led to high food prices

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14
Q

why were peasants angry at the rulers in naples

A

blamed them for 1836 cholera outbreak

killed 65,000 people

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15
Q

who rises up in sicily in 1848 revolutions

A

peasants go to parlemo to support uprising

5,000 army reinforcements

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16
Q

what temporary change happened in sicily as a result of the revolution

A

provisional gov

parliament is elected-declares sicily and naples are separate. not concerned with national unity

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17
Q

how does Ferdinand crush the uprisings in sicily

A

20000 troops
parliament surrender after 3 days
sicily+ naples reuinited

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18
Q

who got the nickname king bomba

A

Ferdinand

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19
Q

what started revolution in naples

A

heard of Sicilian revolutions
public records burnt
some bourbon officials killed

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20
Q

what happened as a result of revolutions in Naples

A

conservative constitution granted

still a repressive police state

21
Q

what did Pius issue because he didn’t want to upset Austria

A

allocution, war with Austria doesn’t have his blessing

Charles albert is the aggressor

22
Q

what makes the pope flee in November 48

A

his anti liberal pm count rossi is murdered by a mob

23
Q

what happens in the papal state once the pope has fled

A

revolutionary gov under galletti
tax reform
election for a constituent assembly
rome set up as a republic

24
Q

which battle is piedmont defeated in march 1849

A

Battle of Novara

25
Q

when Mazzini arrives in rome who does he join

A

armellini and saffi

create triumvirate

26
Q

what do the Triumvirate do in 1849 when they have control of rome

A

reform laws
clear slums
end church control of education

27
Q

who put rome under siege in 1849

A

20,000 French troops

28
Q

why did revolutions break out in Lombardy

A

tobacco prices

people boycotted

29
Q

what was the revolution called in Lombardy/piedmont in 1848

A

five glorious days
10,000 people presented petition for liberal reforms to Austrian governor in milan
Austrian commander Radetsky withdrew back to quadrilateral

30
Q

what did Lombardy do after Radetsky withdrew to quadrilaterals

A

asked piedmont for alliance+protectiona against Austrian backlash

31
Q

who joined Charles albert in a war against Austria (when he moved into Lombardy)

A

naples soldiers led by Pepe

papal states army led by Durando `

32
Q

what was the weakness of Charles albert during the fight against Austria

A

only accepted army recruit who swore loyalty to piedmont

33
Q

which battle was Charles albert and his allies defeated at

A

Custozza July 1848

34
Q

what happened to Charles albert after his defeat at the battle of custozza

A

expelled from Lombardy

sign armistice of salasco 11th August 1848

35
Q

what happens in the 1848 revolutions in venetia

A

revolution breaks out
Metternich resigns
republic under Daniel Manin
forced to surrender- hunger+cholera

36
Q

when did Charles albert abdicate

A

march 1849

37
Q

what two battles did Charles albert have during the 1848 revoltuions

A

battle of custozza july848

battle of Novara march 1849

38
Q

who replaced Charles albert in march 1849

A

Victor Emmanuel II

39
Q

how much did piedmont have to pay Austria after being defeated after custozza

A

65 million francs

40
Q

what were the reasons for the failure of the 1848 revolutions

A 
intervention of foreign powers
weakness of piedmont 
lack of popular support 
pope
lack of international support
41
Q

intervention of Austria (reason for failure)

A 
custozza+novara victories inspite of all revolts (had to withdraw from Lombardy into venetia) 
restored rulers (leopold II)
42
Q

intervention of France (reason for failure)

A

Louis Napoleon wanted to be favourable with domestic catholics
wanted to look like helping to restore pope
strong military defeated roman republic

43
Q

weakness of piedmont (reason for failure)

A

Charles albert didn’t accept recruits
pope allocution
intentions of Charles albert, preventing republics in venice+milan spreading to piedmont? not unity

44
Q

lack of revolutionary support (reason for failure)

A 
milan+venice=constitution+independence
rome+venice=republics
piedmont=focus on Austria 
sicily peasants=food shortages 
middle class milan=tobacco prices
45
Q

lack of international support (reason for failure)

A

britian+france mediators

Charles albert over estimated French support

46
Q

how long did the armistice of salasco last

A

less than nine months

47
Q

pope (reason for failure)

A

april 1848 allocution
short term trigger
undermined revolutions

48
Q

positive results of 1848 revolutions

A

statuto kept
piedmonts territorial integrity
piedmont attracted 30000 political refugees in Turin +Genoa in 1850s

49
Q

negative results of 1848 revolutions

A 
Austrians military dominance stronger 
venetian republic under tighter control
most constitutions suppressed
pope denounced reforms 
French troops occupied Rome
didn't achieve aims

Italian History (5 decks)

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