The Creation of The Kingdon of Italy

Question 1

what was the Orsini Bomb Plot

Answer 1

Italian Nationalist Orsini escapes to France

attempts to kill Napoleon III

Question 2

what was the Plombieres agreement

Answer 2

meetings between Cavour and napoleon to decide hoq to expel Austria from Lombardy+Venetia+ enlarge piedmont

Question 3

what were the terms of the plombieres agreement

Answer 3

Austria seen as aggressor
France get Nice+Savoy in return for 2,000 soldiers
kingdom of central Italy created
house of savoy control piedmont, Lombardy, venetia

Question 4

why did Napoleon want Austria to look like the aggressor

Answer 4

stop Prussian involvement

Britain wouldn’t allow Austrian control being replaced with French, had to be seen as helping weak piedmont

Question 5

what was the second war of Italian independence called

Answer 5

Franco Austrian war 1859

Question 6

when did piedmont mobilise their army

Answer 6

march 1859

Question 7

why did Austria invade

Answer 7

said if piedmont didn’t demobilize their troops in 3 days or there would be war

Question 8

what was wrong when French troops arrived

Answer 8

arrived before their supplies

Question 9

two main battles of Franco-Austrian war

Answer 9

magenta (1)

solferino (2)

Question 10

battle of magenta

Answer 10

30th May
14,000 austrians 40 guns
10,700 18 guns
french victory, no piedmont casualties

Question 11

battle of solferino

Answer 11

austria attempt surprise attack 
21st June-24th
austria 21,000/128,000 casual
allies 17,000/137,000
signed an armistice

Question 12

why did Napoleon III sign an armistice after solferino

Answer 12

too many casualties
scared prussia might enter conflict
seige would be lengthy+expensive

Question 13

when did Prussia moboilise their troops

Answer 13

24th June 1859

on banks of Rhine

Question 14

When did Cavour resign

Answer 14

16th July 1859

angry he was excluded from talks in villa franca

Question 15

what happened at villa Franca 11th July

Answer 15

Austria gave lombardy to France
venetia remain in austrian hands
france would get nice+savoy- didnt fulfill plombieres

Question 16

what was the treaty made at Villa Franca

Answer 16

treaty of Zurich November 1859

Question 17

when did Garibaldi go to the South

Answer 17

was going to Nice
heard uprising in Sicily against king
went with ‘the thousand’ May 1860

Question 18

how did cavour feel about Garibaldi going to the south

Answer 18

refused to give garibaldi equipment

he thought south too poor to unite+he would fail

Question 19

National Society

Answer 19

formed in 1850s
italian exiles
membership rose to 8000 by 1857
promoted unity of italy

Question 20

who were the leaders of the national society

Answer 20

pallavicino
la farina
(manin who was converted)

Question 21

how did the national society and cavour unite the north

Answer 21

series of demonstration by national society

cavour held plebicites

Question 22

where did the demonstrations take place in 1859 to unite northern states

Answer 22

april-florence, leopold fled, PG
may-peaceful revolutions modena+parma
june-duke+duchess modena+parma fled

Question 23

who took control of the governments in 1859

Answer 23

florence-ricasoli

farini modena and parma

Question 24

what happened in Bologna in 1859 in the papal states

Answer 24

unrest

piedmont commissioners restored the gov

Question 25

Treaty of Turn

Answer 25

Jan 1860 wi Napoleon savoy+nice over to france (subject to plebicite) if annexation of duchies

Question 26

what was wrong with cavours plebicites

Answer 26

corrupt

Question 27

emilia plebicite 1860

Answer 27

426,000 to 1,506 favour annexation | parma, romagna+ modena

Question 28

tuscany plebicite 1860

Answer 28

336,571 to 14,925 favour

Question 29

when did Napoleon have the vote take place in Nice

Answer 29

when french troops were marching back through from lombardy

Question 30

nice and savoy plebicites 1860

Answer 30

130,583-285 savoy | 24,448-160 Nice

Question 31

where was Garibaldi heading before mazzini asked him to go to the south

Answer 31

to defend nice from the french

Question 32

why did cavour let garibaldi go to the south

Answer 32

thought he'd fail | not many men and poor weapons

Question 33

why didnt cavour want the south

Answer 33

too poor and backward

Question 34

did garibaldi have support from cavour on his southern expedition

Answer 34

no, refused to give him equipment

Question 35

when did garibaldi arrive in sicily

Answer 35

11th may | alongside british ships so wasnt attacked

Question 36

how was garibaldi successful in palermo, sicily

Answer 36

now had three thousand men helped by peasants, bandits+local mafia 20000 enemy soldiers retreated to naples

Question 37

how did garibaldi govern sicily

Answer 37

dictator abolished mill tax promised land distribution (changed sides oppressed some peasants+supported landlords)

Question 38

why did garibaldi not want to give sicily to VE

Answer 38

lose power to invade naples

Question 39

what was cavour worried about it garibaldi took naples

Answer 39

carry on to move northward | tried to arrange revolution in naples in favour of VE but failed

Question 40

where did garibaldi want to advance after he had got naples

Answer 40

papal states+rome

Question 41

why was cavour worried about garibaldi attacking rome

Answer 41

lead to difficulties wih france

Question 42

how big did garibaldis army become

Answer 42

6000 by september

Question 43

what did VE do to stop garibaldi

Answer 43

army to the south | defeated papal army on the way

Question 44

when did VE reach neopolitan territory

Answer 44

october

Question 45

when did garibaldi and VE meet in the south

Answer 45

26th october | garibaldi didnt want problems so handed south over

Question 46

how was the annexation of the south decided

Answer 46

by plebicites | they were a facade

Question 47

why were foreign powers worried about the new united italy

Answer 47

could shift power balance in europe | new italy was backed by britain, stopped other countries attacking it