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Italian History > Early Failures 1830-47 > Flashcards

Early Failures 1830-47 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

who ruled central duchies in 1830s

A

small parts austria

most dukes and duchesses

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2
Q

who ruled in modena and hapsburg (central duchies)

A

Duke Francis IV

hated all liberals

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3
Q

who was the Duke of Tuscany in 1830s

A

Ferdinand III
improved education
allowed freedom of expression

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4
Q

where is florence located

A

tuscany

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5
Q

which italian city was the most ‘civilised’

A

florence

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6
Q

who was the duchess of parma

A

Marie Louise
enlightened ruler
didnt allow reactionary policies

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7
Q

who ruled Piedmont Sardinia in 1830s

A

Victor Emmanuel I

absolute monarch

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8
Q

what was the capital Piedmont

A

Turin

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9
Q

what was Piedmont Sardinia like in 1830s

A

economically advanced
anti french
strong army
church power-education

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10
Q

who lost their positions in piedmont after napoleon was defeated

A

middle class
lost jobs
(free and open trials were abolished)

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11
Q

who controlled lombardy and venetia

A

Austria

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12
Q

what was lombardy like 1830s

A

economically and culturally advanced
some representative gov
heavy taxation

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13
Q

what amount of austrians revenue came from tax from lombardy and venetia

A

1/4

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14
Q

who controlled the papal states in 1830s

A

pope pius VII

austrian troops stationed to protect him(+conservatism)

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15
Q

what are zealots

A

hardline popes

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16
Q

after pope pius VII who took over

A

series of zealots

had tight control on gov,ed+culture

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17
Q

what was inquisition and where was it used

A

a court

used for torture+execution against heretics (people who had opinions at odds wi majority)

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18
Q

what did the pope not allow in the papal states and why

A

railways + telegraphs

they spread new ideas

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19
Q

who controlled two sicilies in 1830s

A

ferdinand I
ignored calls for a constitution
oppressive rule

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20
Q

what was two sicilies like in 1830s

A

corrupt gov
strict censorship
reduced spending on schools

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21
Q

what did the two sicilies suffer from in 1830s

A

malaria
famine
infertile land

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22
Q

who did king ferdinand 1 marry

A

austrian princess

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23
Q

north south divide

A

n-textiles+ some industry

s- inferior soil, malaria, landless poor

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24
Q

what % of population spoke the italian language

A

2.5%

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25
what % of italians worked on the land
90%
26
why were secret societies weak before 1848
divided aims lack of organisation small to spread out
27
what type of people made up secret societies
students, lawyers, teachers, well educated middle class
28
what are the characteristics of members of a secret society
idealists rogues criminals
29
what were the different secret societies called
carbonari federati aldelfi
30
The Carbonari
active in south 60,000 members in naples (5% adult population) spread to papal states+piedmont
31
What did the carbonari want
Gain constitution More rights from the monarch Anti Austrian
32
What did the aldelfi and federati want
Anti Austrian Favoured constitution gov More moderate than carbonari
33
Why did the 1830-32 revolutions fail
``` Local Not organised Reliant on secret societies Moderate Divided aims Austrian strength ```
34
What triggered the 1830 revolutions in 1830
Revolution in France 1830 Charles X abdicates Replaced by Louise Phillipe more liberal
35
What did Italian revolutionaries hope Louise phillipe would do
Support revolutions in Italy
36
What was the main aim of all the 1830 revolution attempts
Gain constitution
37
Who led the 1830-32 revolt in Modena and Parma
Enrico Misley
38
How did the did Francis IV respond when Enrico Misley told him of plans to united italy free from Austria
Had him arrested | Went to Austria to ask help if their were further revolts
39
What happened when Francis IV went to Austria
Revolutionaries took over Modena | Established provision gov
40
What did Marie Louise do when students started demanding a constitution in Parma
Fled | A provisional gov was established
41
What happened to the provisional governments set up in Modena and Parma
Crushed by Austrian force led by Francis IV | Duchess returned to Parma
42
What were the revolts in 1830-32 in the Papal States about
More against church than for united Italy | ‘The gov of Italian Provinces’ formed in Bologna 1831
43
What did The Government Of Italian Provinces promise in Bologna (Papal states)
Elected assembly Reformed finance system Fairer legal system
44
What happened to the gov set up in Papal States in 1831
Crushed by Austrians
45
why could nationalism not work before 1848
divided aims | Austrian strength/view of political group
46
what did nationalist believe
people of same race, language and culture should be united in an independent nation
47
what did liberalism favour
some monarchy | others republic
48
what aims were liberals trying to achieve and how
say in gov rule of law non violent
49
what did radicals and republicans want and how would they achieve it
social reform redistribution of wealth use violence
50
why did Austria not like political groups
easier for them to divide and rule | people were loyal to locals
51
what was the aim of the risorgimento
spread anti Austrian message
52
what was wrong with the risorgimento
only appealed to upper/middle class
53
give examples of things in the risorgimento which spread an anti Austrian message
operas books e.g Verdi's book congress of science
54
how were nationalist views on leadership divided before 1848
balbo+charles albert Gioberti+reform of Pius IX Massimo d'Azeglio Giusseppe Mazzini
55
what did Balbo argue
moderate nationalist | only piedmont strong enough to reclaim Lombardy+venetia
56
in what book did Balbo argue for a federation of Italian states+ Piedmont was the only state strong enough to lead
the hope of Italy 1844
57
what were the albertisti
group which believed Charles albert should be the new king of the unified Italy
58
what did the albertisti disagree about
whole of Italy or just north
59
what book did Gioberti write which argued for the pope to lead Italy
primato | sold 5000 copies
60
what did gioberti argue
the pope and church should lead national revival | federation of states with pope the president
61
what did Gioberti say about Austria + revolution
doesn't mention expulsion of Austria | hated revolution
62
what was the phrase used to describe the pope and the church leading a national revival
neo-guelphism
63
when was pope pius IX elected
1846
64
what did pop pius IX do in 1846 when he was elected
freed 2000 political prisoners reformed education ended press censorship rome allowed constitution
65
what was the consulta
elected body of advisors
66
where was the consulta
in rome
67
what did Massimo d'Azeglio argue
watched revolt against church fail | confirmed only Charles albert could unite
68
what book did Massimo d'Azeglio write
on recent events in Romagna 1846
69
when was young Italy formed
1830
70
who formed young Italy
Giuseppe Mazzini
71
how many members did young Italy have in 1831
50,000
72
where was young Italy's first revolt
genoa
73
when did young Italy attempt to invade savoy
1834
74
what happened in 1844 in Naples
Bandiero brothers shot
75
who did Mazzini convert into supporting him
Garibaldi
76
what was wrong with Mazzini's ideas
moderates saw him as radical attitude stopped france supporting them alienated rich and rulers too intellectual
77
why did Mazzini alienate rulers
was a republican
78
how long in total was Mazzini absent from Italy for
40

Italian History (5 decks)

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