Ballast Ch 1 Part 1 Information Gathering

Question 1

Definition:

Programming

Answer 1

Collecting and analyzing information about a problem and forming a clear statement to be used as a basis for design.

Question 2

Programming is problem ____________, whereas design is problem ______________.

Answer 2

Analysis, Synthesis

Question 3

What 7 things should the program analysis include?

Answer 3

Analysis of the existing builindg

Aesthetic considerations

Adjacency requirements

Organizing concepts

Code review

Budget requirements

Scheduling requirements

Question 4

What is the five-step programming process, and what are the 4 major considerations it takes in to account?

Answer 4

It is the process of establishingn goals, collecting and analysing facts, uncovering and testing concepts, determining needs and stating the problem in relation to Form, Function, Economy and Time

Question 5

Five-Step Process:

What is the purpose of establishing goals?

Answer 5

They establish the directions of programmatic concepts that ultimately direct the means of achieving the goals.

Question 6

Five=Step Process:

What is the purpose of collecting and analysing facts?

Answer 6

To determing existing conditions of the space, number of people to be accomadated, space adajencies, user characteristics, equipment needs, expected growth rate, money available for construction and furnishings, code requirements, and to organize them in a usable way.

Question 7

Five-Step Process:

Why do you need to uncover and test concepts?

Answer 7

This is the means of determining the direction of the design by doing several rough sketches or bubble diagrams to show adjacencies, etc from which the owner can select what will best solve the problem.

Question 8

What is the difference between a programmatic concept and a design concept?

Answer 8

A programmatic concept is a performance requirement related to methods of solving a problem or satisfying a need.

A design concept is a specific physical response that attempts to achieve a programmatic concept.

Question 9

Five-Step Process:

What is the function of determining needs?

Answer 9

To balance what the client wants with what the client actually needs since most clients want more than they can afford.

Question 10

Five-Step Process:

What is a problem statement?

Answer 10

A bridge between programming and the design process. It describes the most important aspects of the problem and serves as a basis for design and the criteria for making sure the design solves the problem.

There should be a minimum of four problem statements - one for each of the four major considerations: Form, Function, Economy and Time

Question 11

Form, Function, Economy & Time:

What does Form relate to?

Answer 11

The existing conditions in a space, the psychological environment of the interior, and the quality of construction.

Question 12

Form, Function, Economy & Time:

What does Function relate to?

Answer 12

The people using the space, the activities performed there and the relationships of spaces to each other.

Question 13

Form, Function, Economy & Time:

What does Economy relate to?

Answer 13

The initial cost of the interior, operating costs & life cycle costs.

Question 14

Form, Function, Economy & Time:

What does Time relate to?

Answer 14

Time describes the ideas of past, present and future as they affect the other three considerations.

Question 15

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe priority as a programmatic concept.

Answer 15

Establishes the order of importance of things such as size, position or social values.

Question 16

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe hierarchy as a programmatic concept.

Answer 16

Relates to the excercise of authority and is expressed in physical symbols of authority - i.e.: senior members of a firm have a larger office or a corner office.

Question 17

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe character as a programmatic concept.

Answer 17

Character is a response to the image a client wants to portray.

Question 18

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe denisity as a programmatic concept.

Answer 18

Can be low, medium or high.

Relates to how a space or group of spaces are used.

Question 19

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe service groupings as a programmatic concept.

Answer 19

Service groupings include mechanical and other spaces that support the use of the space.

i.e.: Distribution ofo supplies, storage space, information and vending areas.

Question 20

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe activity groupings as a programmatic concept.

Answer 20

States whether activieties should be integrates or separated andn compartmentalized.

Question 21

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe people groupings as a programmatic concept.

Answer 21

States the degree of massing within a space - is derived from the physical, social an demoitional characteristics of the group.

Question 22

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe home base as a programmatic concept.

Answer 22

Relates to the concept of territoriality - a place where a person can maintain their individuality.

Question 23

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe home base as a programmatic concept.

Answer 23

Included the affinities of people and activities. It most directly affects the organization of spaces and rooms.

Question 24

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe communications as a programmatic concept.

Answer 24

States who communicates with whom and how they do it.

Question 25

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe neighbors as a programmatic concept.

Answer 25

This concept refers to how the project will promote or prevent socialbility, and how it will relate to its neighboring spaces.

Question 26

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe accessibility as a programmatic concept.

Answer 26

Accessibility relates to the idea of entry to a building or space and to making the facility accessible tot he disables. It answers the question of how people can find the entrance and whether there should be multiple entrances.

Question 27

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe separated flow as a programmatic concept.

Answer 27

Relates to keeping the flow of people or services separated from each other

Question 28

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe mixed flow as a programmatic concept.

Answer 28

Promotes interaction among people. Not as controlled an environment

Question 29

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe sequential flow as a programmatic concept.

Answer 29

Required where a specific series of envents or processesis required.

i.e.: a factory line

Question 30

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe orientation flow as a programmatic concept.

Answer 30

Providing a point of reference within a bulding or space to keep people from feeling lost.

i.e.: a central atrium in a large building

Question 31

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe flexibility flow as a programmatic concept.

Answer 31

Includes three components:

expandability, converibility and vesatility

which relate to the way a space can accommodate growth, allow for changes in function, and provide for multi-functioning for different activities.

Question 32

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe tolerance as a programmatic concept.

Answer 32

Allow space for a dynamic activity

i.e. provide extra space around a pool for future bleachers rather than just the circulation needed.

Question 33

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe safety as a programmatic concept.

Answer 33

Focuses on life safety - building codes are closely tied to this one.

Question 34

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe security controls as a programmatic concept.

Answer 34

Refers to way people and property can be protected

Question 35

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe energy conservation as a programmatic concept.

Answer 35

Using recycled or recyclable materials, keeping heat flow or heated areas to a minumum, or using materials produced using low energy means.

Question 36

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe environmental controls as a programmatic concept.

Answer 36

Included mechanical systems and natural means for climate control

Question 37

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe phasing as a programmatic concept.

Answer 37

Determines if the project should be completed in phases either for time or cost control

Question 38

Programmatic Concepts:

Describe cost control as a programmatic concept.

Answer 38

Tries to establish a realistic preview of costs and a balanced budget.

Question 39

What trhee things should every programming document contain?

Answer 39

Statement of goals and objectives

List of client requirements

List of spaces and SF

Question 40

What is anthropometrics?

Answer 40

Measurement of the size, proportions and range of motion of the human body.

Question 41

What is static anthropometrics?

dyanimic anthromotetrics?

Answer 41

Measurments of the human body at rest.

Measurements of the body in motion.

Question 42

What is the study of the relationship between human physiology and the physical environment?

Answer 42

Ergonomics

Question 43

What are three ways the body loses heat?

Answer 43

Convection, evaporation and radiation

Question 44

What is convection?

Answer 44

Transfer of heat thru the movement of a fluid. Occurs when the air temperature is less than a person’s body temperature.

Question 45

What is evaporation?

Answer 45

Heat loss when moisture changes to vapor as a person perspires or breathes.

Question 46

What is radiation?

Answer 46

The transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves from one surface to a colder surface.

Question 47

What is conduction?

Answer 47

The transfer of heat thru direct contact.

Question 48

What determines thermal comfort?

What is this called?

Answer 48

Air temperature, humidity, air movement and radiation.

Effective Temperature

Question 49

What is the Mean Radiant Temperature?

Answer 49

The average of the vaious surface temperatures in a room,the angle of exposure of the occupant to those surfaces and any sunlight present.

Question 50

Human needs are divided into two main groups: deficiency needs and growht needs. What is this refered to?

What is the basic concept of this theory?

Answer 50

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

The most basic needs (food, water, minimal bodily comfort) must be met before a person moves to the next level of satisfaction.

Question 51

What is a behavior setting?

Answer 51

A place with definable boundaries in which a standing pattern of behavior occurs at a particular time.

Question 52

Define territoriality

Answer 52

Refers to people’s need to lay claim to a space as their own - often refered to as Home Base

Question 53

What is proxemics?

Answer 53

It describes the interrelated obserations and theories of humans’ use of space as a specialized elaboration of culture.

Question 54

Proxemics:

What are the names of the four distances refered to, and what are the distances?

Answer 54

Intimate Distance - 0” - 18”

Personal Distance: 18” - 4’

Social Distance: 4’- 12’

Public Distance: Greater than 12’