36a - Inhalation Anesthetics

Question 1

Define analgesia

Answer 1

relief of pain without altered mental state

Question 2

Defien anxiolysis?

Answer 2

decreased apprehension with no change in level of awareness

Question 3

What is the Myer- Overton hypothesis?

Answer 3

anesthetic activity i directly linked to lipid solubility. This is mostly true, but not the whole story.

Question 4

What is the blood:gas partition coefficitent and how does it impatct anesthesia?

Answer 4

if blood/gas partitoin is 2.3, this means that at equilibrium, when there is 2% in the gaseous delivery, it will occupy 4.6% of the blood. It takes longer to get up to that concentration..

Lower blood/gas partions mean drug reaches effective concentration in blood faster.

Question 5

What can be clinically done to hasten unconsciousness?

Answer 5

??

Question 6

Define MAC

Answer 6

minimum alveolar concentration. Concentration in inspired gas required to render 50% of people unconscious.

Question 7

What are the special problems related to nitrous oxide?

Answer 7

??

Question 8

In general, which anesthetics are more potent: lipids or water solubles?

Answer 8

lipids. More lipophilicity = more potent usually.

Question 9

What is most common pathway of action for inhaled anesthetics?

Answer 9

stimulation of GABA and glycine inhibitory signalling, reinforcement of two pore potassium channel activity and inhibition of glutamatergic signalling.

Question 10

What is the purpose of the addition of a halogen like fluorine to volatile agents?

Answer 10

to prevent explosion.

Question 11

If a volatile agent is given at 5% mixture with oxygen and N20, (atmospheric pressure is 760mmHg), then what is partial pressure of halothane delivery

Answer 11

5% of 760 is 38

Question 12

Which will have quicker recovery after anesthesia: halothane or sevoflurane?

Answer 12

sevoflurane will have both a faster onset and recovery. Halothane sucks. Dick

Question 13

Which drug will respiration rate have a more profound effect on uptake time: halothane or sevoflurane?

Answer 13

sevoflurane. Halothane sucks. Dick

Question 14

Which inhaled anesthetic does NOT inhibit protective PaCO2 reflex?

Answer 14

Nitrous oxide. note, others can kill because this is suppressed.

Question 15

What happens to BP and CO with increasing anesthesia?

Answer 15

decreased BP and CO.

Question 16

What effect does nitrous oxide have on BP and CO?

Answer 16

none, unless used in conjunction with another inhalant.

Question 17

Which new inhalant supposedly has no irritating odor?

Answer 17

sevoflurane. the king of anesthetics apparently

Question 18

Which inhalants can have hepatotoxicity?

Answer 18

halothane. sucks. dick

and enflurane

Question 19

Which inhalant can cause seizures?

Answer 19

enflurane

Question 20

What deleterious effect can N20 have that could be dangerous for vegetarians?

Answer 20

it inhbits vitamin B12, which they could already be deficient in. Can lead to myelin sheath degeneartion.

Question 21

What is teh second gas effect?

Answer 21

N20 has such high solubility that it tends to carry other inhalants in with it. so other drugs will accumulate more rapidly than they would alone.

Question 22

What is diffusional hypoxia?

Answer 22

when the anesthetic is turned off, large quantities of anesthetic gas exit the lugns. In order to maintian adequeate perfusion, oxygen must be supplemented.