19. Tumour Classification

Question 1

Name 2 types of benign epithelial tumour

Answer 1

• papilloma (SURFACE EPITHELIUM)

- adenoma (GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM)

Question 2

How are benign epithelial tumours further classified?

Answer 2

• by cell type of origin eg. squamous cell (SURFACE)

- by name of glandular tissue of origin eg. colonic (GLANDULAR)

Question 3

What is the name of a benign tumour of squamous epithelium e.g. skin?

Answer 3

Squamous cell papilloma

Question 4

What is the name of a benign tumour of the ductal epithelium of the pancreas?

Answer 4

Pancreatic cystadenoma

Question 5

What are the exceptions to the normal rules of naming benign epithelial tumours?

Answer 5

• melanoma
• lymphoma
• seminoma
• mesothelioma
  etc

Question 6

What are malignant epithelial tumours called?

Answer 6

Carcinomas

Question 7

How are malignant epithelial tumours derived from surface epithelial named?

Answer 7

By prefixing carcinoma with the cell of origin eg. squamous cell carcinoma

Question 8

What is the name for malignant tumours derived from glandular/ductular epithelium?

Answer 8

Adenocarcinomas

Question 9

Name a benign tumour of stratified squamous epithelium eg. skin, oropharynx etc.

Answer 9

Squamous cell papilloma

Question 10

Name a bening tumour of basal cells of the skin

Answer 10

Basal cell papilloma

Question 11

Name a benign tumour of transitional epithelium of the bladder

Answer 11

Transitional cell papilloma

Question 12

Name a benign tumour of glandular epithelium of liver

Answer 12

Liver cell adenoma

Question 13

Name a benign tumour of glandular epithelium of thyroid

Answer 13

Follicular adenoma

Question 14

Name a malignant tumour of basal cells of the skin

Answer 14

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 15

Name a malignant tumour of glandular epithelium of colon

Answer 15

Colonic adenocarcinoma

Question 16

Name a malignant tumour of glandular epithelium of breast

Answer 16

Breast adenocarcinoma

Question 17

How are benign mesenchymal tumours named?

Answer 17

Prefix = tissue or cell of origin 
Suffix = '-oma'

Question 18

What is a benign tumour of bone?

Answer 18

Osteoma

Question 19

What is a benign tumour of adipose tissue?

Answer 19

Lipoma

Question 20

What is a benign tumour of smooth muscle?

Answer 20

Leiomyoma

Question 21

What is a benign tumour of skeletal muscle?

Answer 21

Rhabdomyoma

Question 22

What is a benign tumour of a blood vessel?

Answer 22

Angioma / haemangioma

Question 23

What is a benign tumour of cartilage?

Answer 23

Chondroma

Question 24

What is a benign tumour of fibrous tissue?

Answer 24

Fibroma

Question 25

What are malignant mesenchymal tumours called?

Answer 25

Sarcomas

Question 26

How are malignant mesenchymal tumours named?

Answer 26

``` Prefix = tissue or cell of origin Suffix = '-sarcoma' ```

Question 27

What is a malignant tumour of adipose tissue?

Answer 27

Liposarcoma

Question 28

What is a malignant tumour of smooth muscle?

Answer 28

Leiomyosarcoma

Question 29

What is a malignant tumour of cartilage?

Answer 29

Chondrosarcoma

Question 30

What is a benign tumour of melanoyctes called?

Answer 30

Melanocytic nevus

Question 31

What is a malignant tumour of melanocytes called?

Answer 31

Melanoma

Question 32

Name 3 types of malignant tumour of blood cells

Answer 32

- leukaemia - lymphoma - myeloma

Question 33

Name 5 types of CNS tumours

Answer 33

- meningioma - astrocytoma - oligoendroglioma - ependymoma - medulloblastoma

Question 34

What is a meningioma?

Answer 34

Arises from meningeal tissue of brain (usually benign)

Question 35

What is an astrocytoma?

Answer 35

Arise from the star-shaped glial cells called astrocytes

Question 36

Name a type of astrocytoma

Answer 36

Glioblastoma multiforme (most common and most malignant of the glial tumours)

Question 37

What is an oligoendroglioma?

Answer 37

Originate from the oligodendrocytes of the brain or from a glial precursor cell

Question 38

What is an ependymoma?

Answer 38

Arises from the ependyma, a tissue of the central nervous system

Question 39

Where are germ cell tumours common?

Answer 39

Gonads

Question 40

How can germ cell tumours be divided?

Answer 40

- seminomatous | - non-seminomatous

Question 41

Give an example of a seminomatous germ cell tumour

Answer 41

Seminoma

Question 42

Give an example of a non-seminomatous germ cell tumours

Answer 42

Teratoma (teeth/hair/muscle/neural/cartilage)

Question 43

What are the features of embryonal tumours?

Answer 43

- occur in very young (under 5) | - have a histological resemblance to embryonic cells of that organ

Question 44

Give 4 examples of embryonal tumours

Answer 44

- retinoblastoma (in eye) - nephroblastoma (Wilm's tumour of kidney) - neuroblastoma (adrenal medulla or nerve ganglia) - hepatoblastoma (liver)

Question 45

What is a carcinosarcoma?

Answer 45

Malignant tumors that consist of a mixture of carcinoma (or epithelial cancer) and sarcoma (or mesenchymal/connective tissue cancer) eg. in ovaries

Question 46

Name 4 malignant tumours with benign names

Answer 46

- melanoma - mesothelioma - myeloma - lymphoma

Question 47

What is a hamartoma?

Answer 47

- non-neoplastic overgrowth of normal tissue - indigenous to the site of occurrence - developmental abnormalities - eg. lung hamartoma

Question 48

Hamartomas usually consist of what?

Answer 48

2 mature cell types normally found in the organ in which the lesion lies e.g. lung hamartoma = cartilage and bronchial epithelium

Question 49

What is a choristoma?

Answer 49

- excess of normal tissue in an abnormal situation - nodules of organ parenchyma in another organ - aka. heterotropic rests - eg. normal (non-neoplastic) pancreas nodule in stomach