1900-1945 GLOBAL REGENTS REVIEW

Question 1

Cuases of WW1

Answer 1

MAIN
M- Militarism - Countries in europe (maily germany and Britain) built up their armies and their supply of weons in the late 1800s

A - Alliances - Countries in Europe divided themselves into two military alliances (the triple Alliance and the triple Entente) in order t prepare for war. THis alliance system increased tension in europe.

I - Imperialism - COuntries in Europe competed with eachother to take over lands in Africa, Asia, andd the Balkand (southeasten Europe). THis cometition increased tensions

N - Nationalism - Ethnic groups in the balkans (southestern Europe) wanted to gain independedce (self government) from austria Hungry and they were willing to fight for it

Question 2

Who died which started WW1

Answer 2

The Archduke Ferdinand (the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary) was assassinated by sslavic nationalists in the balkans

Question 3

What was the treaty of Bersailles

Answer 3

This was the treaty that ended WW1
REMEBER IT SERVERLY PUNNISHED GERMANY
this is what brought hitler to power

Question 4

What does self determination mean

Answer 4

the right for ethic groups to create their own nations

Question 5

How where the people of eastern Europe able to have self determination

Answer 5

Austria Hungry and the Ottoman Empire were broken apart and much of the land was used to create new nations in eastern Qurope (such as czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.)

Question 6

Armenian Massacre

Answer 6

During WW1 the turks of the ottoman empire attempted to kill all of the armenians ythat lived in their territory

Question 7

What is Suffrage

Answer 7

woman got the right to vote.

Question 8

What was the russian revolution

Answer 8

an event where the people of russia overthre their Czar (king) and created a new government

Question 9

Causes of (reasons for) the russian revolution (bolshevik revolution)

Answer 9

like all political (government) revolutions, the Russian Revolution took place because the people of Russia were unhappy with their government.
Because
- Russia sufferd many casualties in WW1. It also created food shortages and people were starving
- Czar Nicholas II - He was the Ruler of Russia at the time. People thought that he abused his power by denying the rights of the people.

Question 10

Bolsheviks

Answer 10

1) radical (extreme group that was leading the russian revolution

Question 11

who was the leader of the bolshiviks

Answer 11

Vlasimir Lenin

Question 12

What was the slogain, and what did the bolshiviks promise

Answer 12

Promised “peace, land, and bread

Question 13

Effects (results) of the Russian/Bolshevik Revolution

Answer 13

1) Czar Nicholar II was executed
2) Lenin and the Bolshiviks came to power in Russia
3) Russia became a Communist nation

Question 14

What happened with turkey after WW1

Answer 14

After the ottoman empire was broken apart. All that remained of the ottoman lands was turkey

Question 15

Kemal Ataturk

Answer 15

He was that first president of Turkey. He is considered a nationalist becase he made many changes in order to strengthen Turkey.

Question 16

What changes did Kemal Autaturk make

Answer 16

• Westernization: he imitated customs and traditions of europeans countries (for example people in turkey were required to dress like Europeans)
• Democracy he helped establish democrazy is turkey by giving people a voice in governent (even woman)

Question 17

Why did some Muslims resent Kemal Atturk

Answer 17

He elimitanted islanmic laws and created secular laws (non - religous)

Question 18

What is Zionism

Answer 18

The name for the nationalist movement of jews

Question 19

What was the goal of the Zionists after WW1

Answer 19

to create an official nation for Jew in the Holy Land (a region in the middle east that includes the sacred city of Jerusalem)

Note: Jews and Palestinians (Arab Mislims) were fighting for the same territory

Question 20

What happened with india after WW1

Answer 20

By the time WW1 ended in 1919 India had been a colony of Great Britain (England) For almost 200 years. After WW1, India begain to increase its demands for independence (self-government)

Question 21

Mohandas Gandhi

Answer 21

a) He is the famous nationalist leader of india who fought for independence from Britain using only non-violent methods (also called disobedience or passive resistance)

Question 22

What is the salt march and who was it led by

Answer 22

Mohandas Gandhi led the salt march which was a peaceful event where Gandhi protested British taxes on salt by leading a peaceful march to the sea to make his own salt

Question 23

What is a totalitarian dictatorship

Answer 23

Governments where one ruler has complette control over all asects of life within a country. They are control of political, social and economic features of a nation.

Question 24

What totalirarian dictatorships were formed after WW1 and under what rulers.

Answer 24

Soviet Union - Joeseph Stalin
Italy - Benito Mussolini
Germany - Adolf Hitler

Question 25

what did tolitarian dictatorships have in common

Answer 25

Censorship - They ended freedom of speech in their countries. Their governments strictly controlled media (newspapers, radio and television) One political party - Only the political party of dictators was allowed to exist. Stalins political parrty was called the communists. Mussolinis political party was called the facists and hilters political party was called the Nazis People were expected to put the state before their own needs They ellimitnated opposition by useing a secret police force. They used propoganda

Question 26

Who was Joesph Stalin

Answer 26

The toltarian dictator of the Soviet union (russia)

Question 27

What is a command economy and whos economy which leader advocated for this?

Answer 27

This is a economic system where the government (instead of induviduals) owns bussnesses, makes business decisions and sets prices. (Joeseph Stalin) this is also called a communist economy

Question 28

What is the five year plan and which leader created this

Answer 28

Joeseph stalins five year plan tried to modernize the industry and agriculture of the soviet union by setting economic goals every five years

Question 29

What is collectivisation and who created this

Answer 29

This was by joeseph stalin and this is when he took induvidual farms that people owned and forced them to live on large government owned farms (called collective farms)

Question 30

Why did Joesph stalin take food away from Ukrane.

Answer 30

The fought agenst his program of collectivisation. Millions of pesants died of forced starvation

Question 31

What was the Japaneese agression that led to WW2. What was the rape of Nanking

Answer 31

Japan took over Manchuria (northeastern china) and much of southeast Asia in order to gain natural resources/raw materials (like coal and iron) Rape of nanking - Brutal event in which the Japanese raped and killed Chinese civilians in the city of nanking. It was a major human rights violation

Question 32

WHat italian agression led to WW2

Answer 32

Benito Mussolini of italy invaded and took over Ethiopia (country in Africa)

Question 33

What happened in Germany that led to WW2

Answer 33

Adolf Hilter violated the treaty of Versalles by: - Building up the german military - Placeing soldiers in the Rhineland (a place beetweeen germany and france) - Took over Austria - Took over czecholovakia Verry little was done to stop this.

Question 34

Why did WW2 offically start

Answer 34

- League of nations was the international organization created after WW1 to prevent war. It failed to stop Hitler, Mussilini or Japan from being aggressive - Appeasment Mainly because hitler invaded poland in 1939 and three days later Britian and Frabnce declared war on germany

Question 35

Key events: COntext behind the invasion of poland

Answer 35

This started WW2. Pland quickly defeated by germany because poland lacks nagtural boundrys (flat terrian)

Question 36

Key events: Pearl harbor

Answer 36

Japan luanched a supprise attack agenst the United states. This event brought us into WW2

Question 37

Why did hitler fail to conquer russia.

Answer 37

At the **Battle of stalingrad** the servere russian winter and large nation caused Hilter to fail.

Question 38

Key events: D-Day invasion

Answer 38

This was the beginning of the final Allied push agenst Germany. It resulted n the eventual defeat of germany/

Question 39

Key events: The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Answer 39

This was the final event of WW2. The US dropped 2 attomic bombs on Japan. Japan Surrendered soon after.

Question 40

Key events: the holocost

Answer 40

This was the event durig WW2 in which hitler and the nazis tried to kill all jews in Europe. 6 million jews and non jews were killed. This is known as a genoside.

Question 41

Results of WW2: The united nations

Answer 41

The united nations is an organization tht was created after WW2 in order t sove internal problems (like poverty and disease) and prevent future wars

Question 42

Results of WW2: Declaration of Human rights

Answer 42

This was a document created by the united nations that lists all the people should have rights within their nations. This includes the right to freedom of speech, the right to life and right to participate in their government.

Question 43

What were the Nuremberg Trials

Answer 43

The court case where nazis were put of trials and held responsible for their actions.