1903 EVIDENCE Flashcards
(42 cards)
In 1903, the Second Congress of the SD party met in exile in Brussels to try and unite. However, the party split into two irreconcilable factions:
the Bolsheviks, headed by […]
and the […]
headed by […]
Vladimir Lenin
Mensheviks
Julius Martov
A central issue at the (SD) congress was the question of the definition of party […]
membership
(SD membership)
Lenin wanted a small […]
Martov wanted […]
centralised group
(like a strike team, trustworthy and committed to the cause)
a big organisation with loose membership rules
(anyone could donate / attend etc.)
Was the (SD) split permanent?
Yes
What was Russia looking to do at the beginning of the twentieth century?
Expand its empire
in particular, it had its eye on China and Korea
What project signalled this intent (expansion)?
Witte’s Trans-Siberian railway
entering territory secured unfairly by Russia after the Sino-Japanese War 1895
What treaty saw Russia trick Japan out of the spoils of the first Sino-Japanese War?
Treaty of Shimonoseki
1895
Following the first Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895), the Japanese next went to war with […]
Russia
in the Russo-Japanese War, starting 1904
The name of the port that Japan surrounded, cut off from supplies and kept under siege until 20 December, 1904 was […]
Port Arthur
Attacking Port Arthur did what?
Started the Russo-Japanese War
On December 1904, four workers at which ironworks were fired due to radicalism?
Putilov Ironworks
in St Petersburg
Virtually the entire workforce of this ironworks went on strike, and sympathy strikes in other parts of the city raised the number of strikers up to […]
150 000
from more than 300 factories
By 8 January, 1905, all public areas were declared […]
closed
Who decided to prepare a petition to be presented to the Tsar?
Father Gapon
Gapon’s petition called for improved […]
It also wanted (name two things) […]
working conditions
(such as fair wages / reduction in the working day to 8h)
an end to the R-J W and the introduction of universal suffrage
Was the Tsar sympathetic to Gapon’s petition?
No
For industrial workers, the average working day was how many hours / days a week?
10.5 hours, 6 days a week
no annual holidays, sick leave etc.
Food prices in the cities increased by as much as […]
Did wages increase accordingly?
50%
No
Instead of ‘Little Father’, Nicholas II came to be known as […]
‘Nicholas the Bloody’
Bloody Sunday 1905 began as a relatively peaceful protest by disgruntled steel workers in […]
St Petersburg
Angered by poor working conditions, an economic slump and the ongoing war with Japan, thousands marched on the […]
To do what?
Winter Palace (in St Petersburg)
Plead with Tsar Nicholas II for reform
B.S.
The Tsar was not present and the workers were […]
gunned down on the streets by panicky soldiers
B.S.
some estimates put the number killed as high as […]
4000
Tsar claimed 96
“Bloody Sunday” triggered a fresh wave of general strikes, peasant unrest and assassinations. This political mobilisation became known as the 1905 […]
Russian Revolution
