Med Micro Assignment 1

Question 1

Mutualism is a relationship…

Answer 1

that provides such benefits for both members that one or both parties cannot live without the other.

Question 2

All of the following are normal microbiota found in the lower digestive tract EXCEPT:

Answer 2

Candida, Shigella, Proteus, Escherichia are normal. Staphylococcus is not.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system?

Answer 3

Candida (yeast infection if unbalanced), Trichomonas, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides are normal. E. coli is not.

Question 4

Streptokinase

Answer 4

bacterial enzyme that breaks down blood clots, allows for faster spreading

Question 5

Streptolysin

Answer 5

bacterial enzyme that lyses RBC, WBC, platelets.

Question 6

Collagenase

Answer 6

Breaks down collagen, helps spread

Question 7

Coagulase

Answer 7

Causes blood clots which can hide bacteria from phagocytes

Question 8

Hyaluronidase

Answer 8

Extracellular enzyme that digest hyaluronic acid which holds cells together

Question 9

Which of the following may not always be a part of an infectious disease process?

Answer 9

Prodromal: sometimes so fast that it hits illness right away. Convalescence is not always presence because death is not convalescence, and some diseases never clear.

Question 10

Acne is what type of disease?

Answer 10

Non-communicable. Just an imbalance of normal epidermal bacteria

Question 11

A disease that occurs at a greater than normal frequency for a given area or population is considered…

Answer 11

epidemic

Question 12

The index case

Answer 12

Is the first case of a disease identified in a given area or population

Question 13

Examples of exotoxins

Answer 13

Neurotoxins: affect nerves; Cytotoxins: kill cells; Enterotoxins: affect cells along GI tract

Question 14

The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the U.S. was 12.43/100,000 cases. This means…

Answer 14

there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the U.S. in the year 2000.

Question 15

Descriptive epidemiology would tabulate all of the following information about a disease

Answer 15

age of patient, time the cases of the disease occurred, course and chain of transmission of a disease, a mapping of the location of a disease. Would NOT compare patients with disease to those without

Question 16

Droplet nuclei are a factor in which of the modes of transmission?

Answer 16

Vehicle (>1m) and Contact (<1m)

Question 17

Transient microbiota are found where?

Answer 17

In the same places are resident ones, but they are outcompeted, destroyed by body, or have no virulence factors

Question 18

Diarrhea-causing pathogens would be expected to produce…

Answer 18

Enterotoxins (affect cells along GI tract)

Question 19

Fomites cause disease by…

Answer 19

Indirect contact.

Question 20

Herpes is what type of virus?

Answer 20

Latent

Question 21

Which type of epidemiology applies Koch’s postulates to study a disease?

Answer 21

Experimental epidemiology

Question 22

Langerhans cell

Answer 22

aka dendritic cell. Macrophage in epidermis

Question 23

Kuppfer cell

Answer 23

Macrophage in liver

Question 24

Microglia

Answer 24

Macrophage in CNS

Question 25

Microbial antagonism

Answer 25

the presence of normal microbia that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways, and that prevent pathogens from invading the body.

Question 26

The M protein on the surface of Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 26

is part of the bacteria’s outer layer and prevents adherence of phagocytes to its surface by destabilizing complement C3b, so interfering with opsonization

Question 27

Mucous membranes are found in all of the following areas EXCEPT:

Answer 27

lining the stomach, in the urinary bladder, in the lungs, composing the inner lining of the vagina are normal. Lining the peritoneal cavity is NOT.

Question 28

Pyrogens stimulate…

Answer 28

Fever by acting on the hypothalamus

Question 29

Stages of phagocytosis

Answer 29

1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Killing 5. Elimination

Question 30

Toxemia

Answer 30

Toxins found in the blood

Question 31

Sepsis or septicemia

Answer 31

Pathogens found in the blood.

Question 32

The final outcome of most host-parasite relationships depends on

Answer 32

the number of organisms present in or on the host, the virulence of the organism, the host’s defenses

Question 33

Endotoxin causes all except:

Answer 33

Shock, paralysis, and fever. NOT tissue necrosis