Perineum

Question 1

pelvic ligaments

Answer 1

sacrospinous (sacrum to ischial spine)
sacrotuberous ligaments (sacrum to ischial tuberosity)

Question 2

pelvic diaphragm

Answer 2

divides floor of pelvis/roof of perineum

Question 3

levator ani muscles

Answer 3

relaxed during defecation
resists pelvic organ prolapse
helps w fecal continence

Question 4

coccygeus

Answer 4

covers floor of pelvic diaphragm

no impact on continence

Question 5

area of weakness in pelvis?

Answer 5

urogenital diaphragm

Question 6

reinforcement of pelvic diaphragm

Answer 6

muscles meet centrally in central tendon

superficial transverse perineal

Question 7

episiotomy

Answer 7

incision on midline or mediolaterally to expand

warm compress or massage preferred

Question 8

perineal triangles

Answer 8

urogenital triangle (anterior: urethra/vagina)
anal triangle (posterior: anus)
these two create a V shape: urethra/vagina travel anteriorly

Question 9

find what in anal triangle? fossae?

Answer 9

ext anal sphincter
ischioanal fossae! =fat
fat supports outlets and expands during defecation

Question 10

3 layers of urogenital diaphragm (anterior to pubic symphysis)

Answer 10

superficial fascia
muscular layer (DeepPerinealSpace)
perineal membrane

Question 11

where are muscles/glands located relative to the perineal membrane??

Answer 11

DEEP

Question 12

which glands found in deep perineal space in males?

Answer 12

bulbourethral glands

Question 13

perineal membrane

does it attach to symphysis?

Answer 13

most inf layer of urog diaphragm

NO

Question 14

erectile tissue

Answer 14

corpora cavernosa (crus=legs) extend to penis and clitoris
corpus spongiosum (vestibular bulbs in F): (M) bulb of urethra, urethra travels thru here
F: also have greater vestibular glands in superficial space

Question 15

what encloses corpora cavernosa and restricts expansion?

Answer 15

tunica albugenia

restricts drainage of blood thru deep dorsal veins

Question 16

superficial perineal muscles

Answer 16

ischiocavernosus (cover crura)
bulbospongiosus (cover bulbs/spongeosum, anchor to perineal body)
superficial transverse perineal

restrict blood in erection/propulsion of sperm

Question 17

anatomical position of the penis

Answer 17

OPPOSITE: dorsal is ventral everywhere else

Question 18

simple route to get to perineum

Answer 18

parasympathetics, venous drainage

Question 19

parasympathetic innervation

special nerve name

Answer 19

S2-4
nervi erigentes
route: inf HP –> straight to tissue
venous drainage opposite

Question 20

not-so-simple route

Answer 20

exit pelvis thru greater sciatic foramen
enter peri thru lesser sciatic foramen
travel ant thru pudendal canal

Question 21

pudendal nerves carry…

Answer 21

S2-4 via not-so-simp route
sensory, sm, sympathetic
symp and sm fibers –> sm and sk muscle contraction in ejac/orgasm

Question 22

pudendal nerve/artery branches

Answer 22

A/P a/n perineal branches, inf rectal a/n, dorsal a/n of penis, dorsal s/n of clitoris

Question 23

organization of pelvis/perineum (sup to inf)

Answer 23

peritoneum
pelvic organs
pelvic diaphragm
urogenital diaphragm
erectile tissue

Question 24

erectile tissue is in which space?

Answer 24

superficial space