1919-1923: political instability Flashcards
(40 cards)
when was the spartacist revolt
5th january 1919
what was spartacist revolt
- Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg led it
- newspaper offices/key buildings occupied
- communist revolt aiming for revolution
why did the spartacist revolt happen
- wanted control of workers’ councils
- to eliminate capitalism
- unhappy with government and right wing
how/why did the spartacist revolt end
- didnt have major support of working class
- ebert relied on army to put it down: groener used friekorps as they were more reliable
- crushed by 13th january
- luxemburg executed
impacts of spartacist revolt
brutality of suppression led to greater divisions in left
why did the kapp putsch start
because of the government wanting to disband the army due to treaty of versailles
also had to disband some Friekorps units
when did tov come into effect
january 1920
how/when did the kapp putsch start
february 1920
defence minister Gustav Noske ordered 2 Friekorps units to disband
had 12,000
how did Walther von Luttwitz respond to the disbanding of the army + what happened to him
kapp putsch
commanding general
refused to disband one of the army units
government ordered his arrest
how did Luttwitz respond to his arrest + how did this become the kapp putsch
marched his troops to berlin to protest
other sympathetic officers offered their support
supported by wolfgang kapp
who didnt publicly show their support to the kapp putsch
ludendorff and general seeckt
when did kapp putsch troops march into berlin
12th march 1920
how did ebert react to the kapp putsch rising and how did Seeckt reply
ebert + his chancellor Gustav Bauer called on regular army to crush the rising
Seeckt said: “troops do not fire on troops”
why did the kapp putsch fail
tensions between military and civilians
failed to gain widespread support even from Right wing
civil servants and bankers remained hostile
how did ebert stop the kapp putsch + what happened
trade unions and others encouraged by socialist members of government to call general strike
luttwitz and kapp fled
impact of kapp putsch
shows army couldnt be trusted
shows weak side of weimar gov
that civil servants could be disloyal
who was Erzberger and how was he assassinated
- former finance minister
- assasinated in black forest by a terrorist league: Organisation Consul
- led german delegation for signing of armistice
- signed TOV
- representative for Germany on reparations committee
when was Erzberger assassinated
august 1921
who was Walther Rathenau and why he was assassinated
- foreign minister
- driving to work: 4 assassins from Organisation Consul shot at him + grenade
- was a Jew, leading minister in republic gov
- helped sign armistice
- ## negotiated with Allies
what was the impact of Rathenaus death
700,000 protestors
had alot of support
value of mark fell because other countries feared the repercussions
when was Rathenau assassinated
24th June 1922
how many political assassinations were there between 1919 and 1923
376 assassinations
how many assassinated were carried out by the left
22
how many assassinated were carried out by the right
354
