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MAKE YOUR OWN CARDS!!!! :) > 3rd Quarter Pathology Test 1 > Flashcards

3rd Quarter Pathology Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of disease

A

Pathology

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2
Q

any abnormal condition which impairs the normal functioning of the body. Local disease and genetic diseases can occur.

A

Disease

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3
Q

was the leading cause of death in the early 1900’s

A

TB

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4
Q

the leading cause of death TODAY

A

CVD- Cardiovascular Disease

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5
Q

Another name for CAUSE

A

Etiology

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6
Q

The cause of disease is divided into what 2 categories?

A

Immediate (exciting) &Predisposing

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7
Q

The beginning of disease. The manner in which a particular disease develops.

A

Pathogenesis

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8
Q

3 parts of disease that we study

A
  1. Cause (Etiology) 2. Pathogenesis 3. Changes and final effects brought about in the body.
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9
Q

Study of general disease processes, such as inflammation, degeneration, necrosis (localized area of dead tissue in a living body), repair (i.e.: scar tissue), etc.

A

General Pathology

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10
Q

The body’s total response to any injury

A

inflammation

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11
Q

Study of disease in relation to a particular organ or the organs system. Ie., disease of the digestive track.

A

Special Pathology

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12
Q

5 Divisions of Pathology

A
  1. Pathological Anatomy (Morbid Anatomy) 2. Surgical Pathology3. Clinical Pathology 4. Medico - Legal Pathology (forensic pathology) 5. Physiological Pathology
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13
Q

The study of the structure of the human body as affected by disease.

A

Pathological Anatomy (Morbid Anatomy)

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14
Q

localized area of dead tissue in a living body

A

necrosis

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15
Q

Study of disease by means of biopsies.

A

Surgical Pathology

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16
Q

The study of disease by means of:body secretions (useful substances produced within the body), body excretions (waste substances rid from the body), & other body fluids.

A

Clinical Pathology

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17
Q

Legal Pathology (forensic pathology) the study of disease, death, and injuries with medical/legal potential.

A

Medico

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18
Q

2 methods to study Pathological Anatomy (Morbid Anatomy)

A

1.) Gross Inspection 2.) Histopathology

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19
Q

See changes of the structure of the body with the unaided eye.

A

Gross inspection

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20
Q

A study of the structure of the cell as affected by disease, by means of microscope. Disease at cellular levels.

A

Histopathology

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21
Q

The study of the functions of the body as affected by disease.

A

Physiological Pathology

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22
Q

A study of disease by samples of tissue removed surgically from a living person.

A

Biopsy

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23
Q

useful substances produced within the body

A

body secretions

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24
Q

waste products that are rid from the body

A

body excretions

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25
Q

The study of deaths and injuries of medical and legal significance

A

Medico-Legal Pathology

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26
Q

The study of the function of the human body as affected by disease.

A

Physiological Pathology

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27
Q

Medico-Legal Pathology is also known as…

A

Forensic Pathology

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28
Q

Importance of autopsy

A
  1. Confirm medical diagnosis2. Amplify or reject the clinical diagnosis3. Advancement of medical knowledge 4. Medico-legal cases5. Medical statistics
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29
Q

Autopsy is also known as…

A

necropsy or postmortem exam

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30
Q

Differences between Coroner vs. Medical Examiner

A
  1. Determination of jurisdiction (county where death occurred)2. Qualifications 3. Inquest
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31
Q

a formal legal proceeding into the events and circumstances surrounding a particular death.

A

Inquest

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32
Q

Coroner is a carry over from the…..

A

English common law system

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33
Q

Inquest are needed in cases of….

A

unknown deaths ordeaths caused by violence

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34
Q

Elected county officer who investigates and holds inquests over unknown deaths or deaths caused by violence.

A

J.P./Coroner

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35
Q

Appointed…must have gone to school (MD) works with the police officers; works under coroner.

A

Medical examiner

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36
Q

Texas does NOT use the term__________________, but has _______________ in those counties not large enough to have a ME’s office.

A

Coroner Justice of the Peace (J.P.)

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37
Q

Difference with ordinary clinical autopsy (relation to clinical findings and diagnosis) vs. forensic autopsy. Forensic Autopsy will provide…

A

A. Absolute identification of the body.B. A description of the body and scene.C. A description of the clothingD. An unrestricted autopsy (prevention of future legal actions) a complete autopsy.

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38
Q

Types of Unrestricted autopsy

A

Biochemical Microbiological scans Radiological scans

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39
Q

toxicological

A

Biochemical

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40
Q

Primary need of a forensic autopsy is to determine…

A

cause of death

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41
Q

A minimum of ___________ must be listed on a death certificate.

A

One cause of death

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42
Q

Three types or parts of death

A

ImmediateBasicContributory

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43
Q

the thing responsible for death at the time of the terminal event (peritonitis)

A

Immediate cause of death

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44
Q

the thing prior to and leading up to the terminal event (stab wounds)

A

basic cause of death

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45
Q

the thing involved in but not causing the terminal event (leukemia) persons with leukemia have less blood clotting ability.

A

contributory cause of death

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46
Q

GOK means

A

God only knows

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47
Q

Failure to thrive means

A

infant not sucking on breast

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48
Q

DIS

A

dead in the saddle

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49
Q

the circumstances surrounding a particular death

A

manner of death

50
Q

Types of Mannerrs of death

A
  1. Natural 2. Homicide3. Suicide4. Accident5. Unexplained (SIDS)6. Undetermined (decomposed)
51
Q

An explanation of the sequence of events leading up to the death.

A

mechanism of death

52
Q

recover and preserve this_____________

A

Evidence

53
Q

any abnormal condition which impairs the normal functioning of the body. It can affect the entire body or only one part of the body.

A

Definition of disease

54
Q

presence of microorganisms in or on the body.

A

Microbiological scans

55
Q

x-rays

A

Radiological scans

56
Q

The doctrine of cellular pathology was written by who? He is considered the father of pathology.

A

Virchow

57
Q

What does the doctrine of cellular pathology state?

A

“Just like the cell is the structural and functional unit of life. The cell is also the structural and functional unit of disease.”

58
Q

any disease of impaired function without change in structure. i.e. mental illness, color blindness.

A

Functional disease

59
Q

any disease in which definite structural changes accompany it.

A

Organic disease

60
Q

Any structural or functional change due to disease.

A

Lesion

61
Q

The identification of a specific disease.

A

Diagnosis

62
Q

Any disease in which the fever accompanying it is either excessively high and or lasts a prolonged period of time. Ex: Rickettsia infections- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - 107 15 - 20 days (2-3 weeks).

A

Febrile disease

63
Q

Disease state which occur at the same time or concurrently with another disease. Often times they are infectious in nature.

A

Complications

64
Q

Alcohol, steroids, poisoning, the exposure of the body to poisonous substances.

A

Intoxications

65
Q

Disease states which occur on second or subsequent exposure to the same allergen.

A

Allergies

66
Q

A forecast of the outcome of a particular disease.

A

Prognosis

67
Q

Subjective manifestation of a disease. They accompany the disease but are not measurable. Pain, headache.

A

Symptoms

68
Q

Objective manifestation of a disease. These are measurable. Vital signs, blood pressure, breathing.

A

Signs

69
Q

Any disease caused by a microorganism.

A

Infectious disease

70
Q

Any disease that occurs every now and then.

A

Sporadic disease

71
Q

Any disease that turns into a worldwide epidemic, flu.

A

Pandemic disease

72
Q

A disease that attacks a large number of people in a short period of time, i.e. chicken pox.

A

Epidemic

73
Q

Any disease that is continuously present i.e. common cold.

A

Endemic disease

74
Q

A set of both signs and symptoms accompanying a disease, i.e. Down’s syndrome (mongolism) SIDS.

A

Syndrome

75
Q

A sudden increase in the severity of a disease. “The patient has made a turn for the worse.” Conditions of patients are rated; good, fair, critical, grave condition. If a patient goes from fair to critical condition

A

Exacerbation

76
Q

Temporary absence of a particular disease. ie: Cancer

A

Remission (abatement)

77
Q

Any disease transmitted genetically - through the genes, i.e. hemophilia, dwarfism.

A

Hereditary disease

78
Q

Any disease caused by dietary or metabolic deficiency, i.e. diabetes mellitus scurvy (lack of vitamin C) Goiter (lack of iodine).

A

Deficiency disease

79
Q

Any disease with slow on set and long duration. ex: Carcinoma (cancer). Gout

A

Chronic

80
Q

Any disease present at birth. Does not have to be life threatening, i.e. cleft palate, polydactylism (more digits on hand or feet than normal).

A

Congenital disease

81
Q

Any disease obtained after birth.

A

Acquired disease

82
Q

Any disease that reappears now and then, fever blisters, cold sores.

A

Recurrent disease

83
Q

Any disease of unknown origin or cause. Essential hypertension.

A

Idiopathic disease

84
Q

Any disease in which a person’s occupation or profession makes them more susceptible to develop a particular disease. Hepatitis B, scrotal cancer, (chimney sweeps) anthrocosis (black lung disease) silicosis (sandblasting).

A

Occupational disease

85
Q

Any disease of sudden onset and short duration. ex: MI

A

Acute

86
Q

the study of the causes of disease

A

Etiology

87
Q

The divisions of the causes of disease

A

predisposing conditions exciting (immediate causes)

88
Q

conditions that make a person more susceptible or inclined to develop a particular disease.ex: Age (MS/Meningitis-children’s disease) (Alzheimer’s disease-elderly) (Sarcoma vs. Carcinoma-most 40-65) Sex (Prostate cancer-male) (Uterine & Ovarian cancer-female) (Gallbladder attack-mostly in women) Nutrition (Kwashiokor - protein deficiency) Race (Sickle cell anemia-Blacks) (TB-less in Eskimos) Occupation (Hepatitis B-Embalmers) (Scrotal cancer- chimney sweeps)

A

Predisposing conditions

89
Q

Any cause of disease that has established a cause/effect relationship

A

Exciting (immediate) causes

90
Q

coal miners disease…black lung diseaseIt is a type of occupational disease

A

Anthrocosis

91
Q

Hepatitis B is what type of disease?

A

Occupational

92
Q

Scrotal cancer is commonly a Recurrent Disease…TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE…it is commonly an occupational disease

93
Q

any condition or disease induced/caused by treatment of a physician or medical personnel ex: leaving a pair of forceps in the body after surgery

A

Iatrogenic

94
Q

number of cases reported of a specific illness or disease in a given population.

A

Morbidity Rate

95
Q

MMWR stands for…..It is one of the most common reports that the morbidity rate of illnesses or diseases are posted in.

A

mortality and morbidity weekly report

96
Q

Number of deaths reported in a given population for a specific period of time.

A

Mortality Rate (Death Rate)

97
Q

Carcinoma is an example of what type of disease?

A

Chronic

98
Q

diabetes mellitus(lack of insulin) & scurvy (lack of vitamin C) is an example of what type of disease?

A

deficiency disease

99
Q

A common cold is a ______________ disease.

A

endemic

100
Q

dwarfism is what type of disease?

A

hereditary

101
Q

essential hypertension is what type of disease?

A

idiopathic

102
Q

polydactylism (more digits on hand or feet than normal) is a ______________ disease.

A

congenital

103
Q

A hereditary disease that is also known as the bleeder’s disease. It is mostly present in male offspring; is the absence of an essential clotting factor- Factor 8)

A

hemophilia

104
Q

The flu can be which two types of diseases?

A

Endemic & epidemic

105
Q

Allergies are also known as…

A

Hypersensitivities

106
Q

A death resulting from immediate severe allergic reaction.

A

Anaphylaxis

107
Q

Anaphylaxis is also known as…

A

anaphylactic shock

108
Q

also known as frequency. Number of incidents…how frequently an incident occurs.

A

Prevalence- Most commonly used as “how prevalent”

109
Q

Factors in predisposing conditions

A

Age Sex Nutrition Race Occupation

110
Q

any type of wound or injury

A

trauma

111
Q

disease due to dietary or metabolism in the systemex: albinisim

A

deficiencies

112
Q

not seen on first exposure. Seen on second or third exposure

A

allergens

113
Q

other factors of predisposing conditions

A

fatigue, general living conditions, plague, alcoholism, heredity, emotion, etc.

114
Q

mongolism (down’s syndrome), hemophilia, diabetes, dwarfism are examples of…

A

heredity

115
Q

foreign protein that triggers production of an incomplete antibody

A

allergen

116
Q

extremes of temperature-cold or heat. Radiation is also an example of this…

A

physical agents

117
Q

parasites, microorganisms are examples of…

A

infectious agents

118
Q

chemicals that are either immediately or eventually toxic or poisonous to the body.chemical reactions-has a cause and effect. Chemicals which induce a change in the human body.

A

chemical agents

119
Q

types of death with medico-legal potential

A
  1. injury or death by violence2. sudden and/or unexpected death3. environmental deaths4. health, welfare, & safety5. medical litigation
120
Q

albinism is an example of what disease?

A

deficiencies disease

121
Q

complete absence of production of melanin

A

albinism

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