Anginals

Question 1

Atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol, and propranolol have been approved for angina pain. What type of drugs are these?

Answer 1

Beta blockers

Question 2

Following an MI, there is a high level of circulating catecholamines that will produce harmful consequences if their actions go unopposed. They cause the heart rate to increase, which leads to a further imbalance in the supply-and-demand ratio, and irritate the conduction system of the heart, which can result in potentially fatal dysrhythmias. What is the DOC for this condition?

Answer 2

Beta Blockers

Question 3

There are three chemical classes of CCBs: phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines, and dihydropyridines

Answer 3

commonly represented by verapamil, diltiazem, and amlodipine, respectively.

Question 4

Angina pectoris (chest pain) occurs because

Answer 4

a mismatch between the oxygen supply and oxygen demand

Question 5

Poor blood supply to an organ is referred to as

Answer 5

ischemia

Question 6

Chronic stable angina has atherosclerosis as its primary cause, triggered by

Answer 6

by exertion, stress, nicotine, alcohol, coffee, and other SNS stimulants

Question 7

The pain associated with this type of angina intense but subsides within 15 minutes of either rest or appropriate antianginal drug therapy.

Answer 7

chronic stable angina

Question 8

Unstable (preinfarction) angina is usually the early stage of progressive coronary artery disease, often ending in an MI in subsequent years. Later, pain may even occur while the patient is at rest.

Answer 8

is also called crescendo angina because pain and attacks are more over time

Question 9

spasms in the layer of smooth muscle that surrounds atherosclerotic coronary arteries, often occurring at rest and without any precipitating cause, but following a regular pattern, such as the same time of day

Answer 9

is called Vasospastic/Prinzmetal/Variant angina

Question 10

Nitrates/nitrites, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are used to treat

Answer 10

angina

Question 11

1) minimizing the frequency of attacks and decrease the duration and intensity of the anginal pain; (2) improving the patient’s functional capacity with as few adverse effects as possible; and (3) preventing or delaying the worst possible outcome, MI.

Answer 11

Objectives of anginal drug therapy

Question 12

the mainstay for both the prophylaxis and treatment for angina is

Answer 12

nitrates

Question 13

the action of isosorbide mononitrate is

Answer 13

long

Question 14

the action of these nitrates are long and rapid

Answer 14

nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate

Question 15

what is the rapid acting nitrate

Answer 15

amyl

Question 16

The MOA of this type of drug dilate constricted coronary arteries to increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle and all blood vessels, predominantly affecting venous vascular beds. They have a dose-dependent arterial vasodilator effect

Answer 16

nitrates

Question 17

Adverse effects of nitrates involve cardiovascular system are usually transient

Answer 17

The most common undesirable effect is headache, which generally diminishes soon after the start of therapy. Other cardiovascular effects include tachycardia and postural hypotension.

Question 18

The rate at which the pacemaker (sinoatrial [SA] node) fires decreases, and the time it takes for the node to recover increases. Slowed conduction through the atrioventricular node and reduce myocardial contractility. Both effects serve to slow the heart rate and reduce myocardial oxygen demand, which aids in the treatment of angina by reducing the workload of the heart

Answer 18

When beta receptors are blocked by beta blockers,

Question 19

the most effective in the treatment of exertional angina because the usual physiologic effects of an increase in the heart rate and systolic blood pressure that occurs during exercise or stress is blunted

Answer 19

beta blockers

Question 20

decrease in heart rate, cardiac output, and cardiac contractility, bronchoconstriction, and increased airway resistance are adverse effects of

Answer 20

beta blockers

Question 21

The adverse effects of these are limited and primarily relate to over expression of their therapeutic effects.

Answer 21

CCBs