Literary constructions review for Exam I

Question 1

syncopated verbs

Answer 1

the perfects in avi, eve, ivi often drop the v before s or r and contract the vowels throughout, except those in ivi

-most common in the perfects of eo and leto

the shorter form of the ending of the perfect active indicative third plural, ere instead of erunt, and of the second singular, re instead of rid, is found found

ex: amavere = amaverunt

Question 2

genitive of respect

aeger animi

Answer 2

the genitive is used with various adjectives to denote the respect to which a thing is true

ex: aeger animi - sick at heart

Question 3

ablative of respect

sunt quidam homines non re sed nomine

Answer 3

the respect in which a verb, adjective, or noun is to be taken is denoted by the ablative,

ex: sunt quidam homines non re sed nomine : some people are human beings not in fact (reality), but in name (only)

Question 4

ablative with comparatives

exegi monumentum aere perennius

Answer 4

comparatives without quam are followed by the ablative

exegi monumentum aere perennius: i have errected a monument more enduring than bronze

Question 5

dative of reference

pulchra est multis

Answer 5

used of the person interested or concerned in the action or of the person to whom a statement is referred

pulchra est multis (she is beautiful to many)

Question 6

indirect discourse

quaerit quid velint

Answer 6

gives the main drift of speech and not the exact words
-a principal statement has its verb in in the infinitive; a question or command has its verb in the subjunctive

ex: quaerit quid velint “he asks what they want”

Question 7

relative clause of purpose

eripiunt aliis quod aliis dent

Answer 7

when a relative clause has its verb in the subjunctive and qui is equivalent to ut as an expression of purpose

eripiunt aliis quod aliis dent “they snatch from some to give to others”

Question 8

subjunctive of characteristic

dignus est qui consul fiat

Answer 8

a rleative clause has its verb in the subjunctive when qui is equivalent to ut in a clause of description or characteristic

dignus est qui consul fiat
he is worthy of being made consul

Question 9

poetic plural

Answer 9

the plural is often used instead of the singular, especially in poetry, to generalize a statement, for metrical reasons, or for rhetorical effect

Question 10

ablative of means

clare video oculis

Answer 10

means or instrument is denoted by the ablative, without a preposition

clare video oculis
I see clearly with my eyes

Question 11

ablative of place where

alto et in terris

Answer 11

denoted by ablative, usually with in

alto et in terris
on sea and on land

Question 12

ablative of separation

se privavit oculis

Answer 12

separation is expressed by the ablative case, with our without a preposition. this ablative is used especially with verbs of depriving, of freedom, and of want

se privavit oculis
he deprived himself of his eyes

Question 13

genitive of quality

homo maximi corporis

Answer 13

the genitive with an adjective may be used to describe a person or thing

homo maximi corporis
a man of gigantic size

Question 14

ablative of accompaniment

venit cum sociis

Answer 14

accompaniment is denoted by the ablative with cum

venit cum sociis
he comes with his comrades

Question 15

dative with compound verb

accedo quo

antecellit omnibus:

Answer 15

many intransitive verbs compounded with ad, ante, con, in, inter, ob, post, pare, sub, and super make take a dative

accedo quo: i approach the horse
antecellit omnibus: he excels all

Question 16

ablative of quality

statura fuit humili

Answer 16

quality or description is denoted by the ablative regularly with an adjective

statura fuit humili
he was of low stature

Question 17

the infinitive of exclamation

me desistere

Answer 17

the infinitive with accusative subject is used in exclamation or exclamatory questions

me desistere
what! i desist?

Question 18

ablative of attendant circumstance

magno intervallo

Answer 18

attendant circumstance, situation, or result may be expressed by the ablative, usually with a modifier, and without a preposition, but sometimes with cum

magno intervallo
at a great distance

Question 19

dative of indirect object

aurum homini dat

Answer 19

the indirect object is put in the dative

aurum homini dat
he gives gold to the man

Question 20

the imperfect of endeavor

Answer 20

the imperfect is used of attempted and interrupted, intended and expected actions

Question 21

ablative absolute

urbe capta, homines redeunt

Answer 21

the ablative, combined with a participle, adjective, or noun, may serve to express the circumstances in which an act takes place

urbe capta, homines redeunt
the city having been captured, the men return

Question 22

appositional genitive

nomen amicitiae

Answer 22

used with vox, nomen, verbum, res, urbs

nomen amicitiae
the name of friendship

Question 23

predicate substansive

negat Epicurus; hoc enim vestrum lumen est
Epicurus says No; for he is your light

Answer 23

the predicate substantive agrees with its subject in case

-the pronoun used as subject is commonly attracted into the gender of the predicate

Question 24

the ethical dative

tibi bellum geret

Answer 24

used of the person pronouns only

tibia vellum beret - he shall wage for

Question 25

enallage or transferred epithet

Answer 25

transferrence of an epithet from the word to which it strictly belongs to another word connected with it in thought

socii cesserunt aequore iusso = socii cesserunt aequore iussi

Question 26

synchesis or interlocked word order

Answer 26

interlocking word order

his medium dictis sermonem

Question 27

anaphora

Answer 27

repetition of words or words at the beginning of successive clauses

sternitur carcadiae proles, sternuntur Etrusci

Question 28

metonymy

Answer 28

substitution of another word for another which it suggets

Question 29

hendiadys

Answer 29

a pair of nouns translated as a single idea

Question 30

prolepsis

Answer 30

inclusion in the main story of references to events which in fact will occur after the dramatic time of the poem, and to the people and circumstances involved in these later events

Question 31

aposiopesis

Answer 31

instead of completing a sentence, the speakers breaks off adruptly and leaves to the imagination

Question 32

asyndeton

Answer 32

omission of conjunctions

ingens arboreum

Question 33

enjambment

Answer 33

continuation of a unit of thought beyound the end of one verse and into the first few feet of the next