Final Exam Grammar Review

Question 1

interfusa genas et pallida morte futura

find and define the accusative of respect with a participle

Answer 1

genas is the accusative of respect with the participle interfusa

accusative of respect: in poetry, the accusative is often used with an adjective or verb to denote the part concerned

ex: nuda genu - with knee bare

Question 2

hic, postquam Iliacas vestes notumque cubile / conspexit, paulum lacrimis et mente morata / incubuitque toro dixitque novissima verba

find and define a virtual hendiadys

Answer 2

lacrimis et mente: a tearful recollection, ablative of manner

Question 3

urbem praeclaram statui, mea moenia vidi,
ulta virum poenas inimico a fratre recepi,
felix, heu nimium felix, si litora tantum
numquam Dardaniae tetigissent nostra carinae

find the implied conclusion to what kind of condition?

Answer 3

felix (fuissem) is the implied conclusion of a contrary to fact condition

Question 4

Dixit, et os impressa toro “Moriemur inultae,
sed moriamur” ait.

what does os represent?

Answer 4

os is the object of the middle participle

with impressa, means “a farewell kiss”

Question 5

Hauriat hunc oculis ignem cruelis ab alto
Dardanus, et nostrae secum ferat omina mortis.

what grammar constructs are Hauriat and ferat?

Answer 5

jussive or volitive subjunctive: the subjunctive may be used in expression of will, asserveration, command, or concession

stet haec urbs: may this city continue to stand
amemus patriam: let us love our country
sit deus: granted that he is a god

Question 6

Lamentis gemituque et femineo ululatu
tecta fremunt,….

gemituque et femineo ululatu are what parts of speech?

Answer 6

ascending tri-colon, the hiatus between the two words empahsizes the eerie sound made by the women
-hiatus: lack of allision

Question 7

quid primus deserta querar?

quid querar is an example of what?

Answer 7

deliberative question: has it’s verb in the subjunctive

• dicam an taceam: shall I speak or hold my tonue?
• quid facereem: what was I to do?

Question 8

eadem me ad fata vocasses:
idem ambas ferro dolor atque eadem hora tulisset.
voce deos,…

what grammar construct does vocasses and and tuillset represent?

Answer 8

optative subjunctive, expressing a wish
-the subjunctive, sometimes with utinam, would that, is often used in expression of wishing

ne veniant, may they not come
utinam viveret frater, would that my brother were alive!

Question 9

quae luctantem animam nexosque resolveret artus

-nexos (Animae). quae resolveret make up what grammar construct?

Answer 9

relative clause of purpose: a relative caluse has its verb in the subjunctive when qui is equivalent to ut is in an expression of purpose

eripiunt aliis quod aliis dent, they snatch away from some to give to others

Question 10

inter quas Phoenissa recens a vulnere Dido
errabat silva in magna; …

who is inter quas referring to?

Answer 10

Dido is the last in a list of mythical females about whose sad deaths we are reminded of as Aeneas observes them in the underworld

Question 11

Quem fugis? extremum fato quod te adloquor hoc est.

extremum should be translated how?

Answer 11

this is the last word I shall address to you

Question 12

Talibus Aeneas ardentem et torva tuentem
lenibat dictis animum lacrimasque ciebat

lenibat should be translated how?

Answer 12

lenibat = leniebat, meaning “he tried to soothe”

this is a conative imperfect

Question 13

nec magis incepto vultum sermone movetur
quam si dura silex aut stet Marpesia cautes

what does Marpesia cautes refer to?

Answer 13

Marpessus on the Greek island of Paros was renowned as a source of fine marble for scultpture

Question 14

excudent alii spirantia mollius aera

why does Virgil use excudent here? what literary device is this?

Answer 14

Anchises uses the future tense repeatedly in this passage, to describe the great moments in the history of a people which does not yet exist. The entire passive is PROLEPTIC - that is, it looks forward in time and outside the frame of the rest of the tale told in the Aeneid as a whole

Question 15

orabaunt causas melius, caelique meatus
describent radio et surgentia sidera dicent

dicent could be translated as what?

Answer 15

dicent = vocabunt

Question 16

tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento

Romane refers to what?

Answer 16

addressed to teh Roman people in general, and to Aeneas in particular - he represents the people whose nation and identity do not yet exist, but are assured by the fates

Question 17

sunt geminae Somni portae, quarum altera fertur
cornea, qua veris facilis datur exitus umbris,

fertur could mean what?

Answer 17

fertus (esse) = dicitur (esse)
again virgil implies that the two gates from the underworld are part of a tradition already known to his readers: in this case, first and foremost from Homer, who describes the two Gates of Dreams in Odyssey

Question 18

altera candenti perfecta nitens elephanto

candenti elephanto represents what?

Answer 18

this is an ablative of material: material is denoted by the ablative, usually with ex
domus facta ex saxo, ex ferro: a house made of stone, of iron
aere clipeus, a shield of bronze

Question 19

…extremus si quis super halitus errat,
ore legam…

ore legam is a reference to what?

Answer 19

ore legam is a reference to a Roman custom to catch with a kiss the last breath of a dying kinsman or friend

Question 20

nondum illi flavum Proserpina vertice crinem
abstulerat Stygioque caput damnaverat Orco

What is Proserpina doing here?

Answer 20

she was supposed to cut a lock from the head of the dying, as a sort of offering to the gods of the lower world

Question 21

Sict ait et dextra crinem secat, omnis et una
dilapsus calor atque in ventos vita recessit

in ventos here refers to what?

Answer 21

the soul was identified with the breath and at death vanished into thin air

Question 22

“Aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis…”

spoliis opimis is a reference to what?

Answer 22

this is the technical term in Latin for arms and other booty taken on the field of battle by the victorious from the vanquished general, whom he has slain with his own hand.

Question 23

Hic rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu
sistet eques, sternet Poenos Gallumque rebellem,

tumultu is a reference to what?

Answer 23

the war with the Gauls in Italy, in which the elder Marcellus had villed Viridomarus, leader of teh Gauls, at Glastidium and stripping him of his armor had obtained the third and last spolia opima

Question 24

altera candenti perfecta nitens elephanto,
sed falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes.

candenti elephanto is a reference to what?

Answer 24

ablative of material, the association of ivory with deception is based in part on a play on words: the Greek verb elepharesthai means “to deceive”

Question 25

Tum se ad Caietae recto fert limite portum.

Caiectae refers to what?

Answer 25

modern Gaeta, on the coast of Italy about halfway between the bay of Naples and the mouth of the Tiber.